The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670155120150301Effect of Drip Irrigation and Phosphorus Fertilization on the Growth of Peanut Plants Grown on Sandy Calcareous Soils11420410.21608/ejss.2015.204ENM.HefzyWater Req. and Field Irrig. Res. Dept., SWERI, Agricultural Research CentreH.G.HassaneinSoils and Water Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Assuit University, Egypt.M.A.GamehSoils and Water Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Assuit University, Egypt.M. M. A.El-KolieyWater Req. and Field Irrig. Res. Dept., SWERI, Agricultural Research Centre.Journal Article20121113<span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"> FIELD experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of <span style="color: white;">……</span>Arab El- Awammer Research Station, Agriculture Research Center, Assuit, Egypt, during the two successive growth summer seasons of 2010 and 2011, to study the effect of two levels of phosphorus fertigation (23 and 31 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/ fed) divided into different doses (3, 6 and 9 doses) under different irrigation regimes (80 and 100% from pan evaporation). Water consumptive use, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), peanut yield and yield components</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> were evaluated.</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"> The obtained results could be summarized as follows</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">:</span> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"></span> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> The seasonal average quantity of irrigation water applied to</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> peanut plants was 754.8 and 943.5 mm which</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"> equals 80 and 100% of pan evaporation</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">, </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">respectively</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">. </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">The crop evapotranspiration of peanut </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">was 858.8 and 783.6 mm in the first and second seasons, </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">respectively, as calculated by Penman-Monteith equations.</span> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"></span> <br /> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> Peanut yield and yield traits were significantly increased with increasing the levels and doses of phosphorus fertilization. </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The highest values of WUE and IWUE were obtained from the</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> highest level of phosphorus fertilization under</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"> irrigation with 80% of pan evaporation.</span>The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670155120150330Mycoflora Isolated from Mazot and Solar Polluted Soils in Upper Egypt153020510.21608/ejss.2015.205ENGhada A.MahmoudBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.M.M.M.KoutbBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.F.M.MorsyBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.M. M.K.BagyBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.Journal Article20121113FORTY-NINE species and two varieties belonging to 22 genera were recovered on dextrose and 1% crude oil Czapek's agar media from 48 soil samples polluted with mazot and solar. The hydrocarbons polluted soils were collected from three governorates in Upper Egypt; namely El-Minya, Assiut, and Sohag (8 samplesfrom each governorate for each hydrocarbon). The most common genus was Aspergillus which was isolated from the three governorates and from both hydrocarbon polluted soils, the most common species was Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from mazot polluted soils, while Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus terreus were the most common species isolated from solar polluted soils. Forty fungal isolates belonging to the 22 genera were tested for their ability to utilize crude oil in Czapek's medium at 28 ±1ºC. Out of these fungi, 32 isolates were able to grow forming visual growth and dry mass determined. <br /> <br /> <br />One of the key enzymes in oil utilization is lipase, therefore, the 40 isolates were subjected to lipase activity test. Remarkably, out of the tested fungi, 35 isolates produced visual growth and lipase activity, while 4 showed growth without producing the enzyme, these were Aspergillus awamorii, Chrysosporium tropicum, Trichoderma harzianum and Ulocladium chartarum. The highest recorded lipase productivity was observed by Fusarium verticilloides isolated from solar polluted soil at El-Minya giving 12.28 U/ml.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670155120150301The Relation Between The Soil Taxonomic Units Developed on The Geomorphic Units and Soil Fertility Status in The West Delta, Egypt.315220610.21608/ejss.2015.206ENK. S.El-HedekSoil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Egypt.I. A.HegabSoil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Egypt.E. E.MassoudSoil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Egypt.G.FaridSoil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Egypt.Journal Article20130701<span style=" mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">ELEVEN soil profiles represent the different geomorphic units in<span style="color: white;">.</span>west Delta were chosen to study the relation between the soil taxonomic units developed on the geomorphic units and soil fertility status. The obtained results indicated that the taxonomic units are: 1) Typic Haplocalcids , Typic Calcigypsids developed on old Alluvial soils 2) Typic Torripsamment developed on windblown sand 3) Aquic Haplocalcids developed on Fluvio-Lacustrine soils . 4) Typic Torrifluvents and Typic Haplotorrerts developed on recent Nile Alluvial soils. 5) Halic Endoaquerts and Aridic Endoaquerts developed on Fluvio-marine soils and 6) Oxyaquic Torripsamments developed on coastal plain soils . The organic matter contents were relatively low ranged from 0.15 to 2.35 %. The cation exchange capacity ranged from 2.3 to 38.3 meq/100g , the lowest values were found in the windblown sand , whereas, the highest were in the clayey soils of Fluvio-marine.</span> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"></span> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">The total contents of iron ranged from 0.2 to 1.2 %, whereas the available contents ranged from 2.4 to 57.6 ppm. The independent factors of both clay, silt and CaCO<sub>3</sub> contributed 37.1 to 89.7 of the variations in iron in the different studied soils. The total manganese contents ranged from 170.0 to 1048.0 ppm, whereas the available contents ranged from 0.48 to 5.28 ppm. The independent factors of both clay, silt and CaCO<sub>3</sub> contributed 22.7 to 93.4 % from the variations in Mn contents in those studied soils. The total contents of Zn ranged from 47.0 to 370.0 ppm, whereas, the available contents ranged from 0.48 to 5.28 ppm. The independent factors of clay, silt and CaCO<sub>3</sub> were responsible 49.3 to 81.0 %. The total copper contents ranged from 22.0 to 168.0 ppm, whereas the available content ranged from 0.89 to 9.9 ppm. <span>The variations of total copper were related to the independent factors of both clay, silt, and CaCO<sub>3</sub>, by 10.9 to 90.0 %.</span></span> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"></span> <br /> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">The Taxonomic unit of Typic Haplotorrerts and Endaquerts developed on the flood plain and Fluvio-marine soils was the highest fertile status in the studied area, whereas the Typic Torripsamments were the lowest fertile status.</span>The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670155120150330Soil Enzymes and Microbial Activity as Influenced by Tillage and Fertilization in Wheat Production536520710.21608/ejss.2015.207ENH. A.ElsouryResearch Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Center.A. E.ShoumanInstitute of Environment Studies Research, Ain Shams University.S.A.E.AbdelrazekResearch Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Center.H. M.ElkonySoil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20131217<span style=" color: black;">A FIELD experiment was conducted in Burg El Arab region, Egypt,</span><span style=" color: white;">.</span><span style=" color: black;">to investigate the influence of five fertilization treatments and three tillage systems on wheat productivity, soil microbial biomass and some enzymes activity. Fertilization treatments were control (without treatment) (F1), Farmyard manure (F2), Compost (F3), Mineral fertilizers (F4) and a mixture of farmyard manure + compost + chemical fertilizers (F5). Tillage systems were no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT). Experiments were designed in a split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in 2010-11 and 2011-12 growing seasons. Main plots were the tillage systems while the fertilization treatments were arranged in sub plots. The highest rate of grain yield was produced in MT system under F5 treatment. CT system showed the average reduction in grain yield of about 17% than MT; while CT showed average increasing of about 4% than NT in wheat grain yield. MT and NT systems increased soil microbial biomass compared to CT. Farm yard manure or compost applications increased soil microbial biomass significantly compared with mineral fertilizer. The urease, dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities in the F4 treatment were significantly lower than in the other fertilizer treatments F2, F3, and F5. The highest value of urease activity was under NT + F2 treatment in the two years of this study.</span> <br /> <br /><span style=" color: black;"></span>The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670155120150330Impact of Soil Degradation on Land Productivity of South El-Kalubia Governorate678020810.21608/ejss.2015.208ENHeba S. A.RashedSoil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20140305<span style=" font-family: '','serif';">DIRECT evaluation of land productive capacity was executed depending on the parametric method for evaluation of land productivity in South El-Kalubia, showed that ten soil characteristics were considered as limiting factors in land productivity. These factors are; </span><span style=" font-family: '','serif'; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">moisture (H), drainage (D), soil depth (P), slope (E), soil pH (N), soluble salt concentration (S), texture/structure (T), organic matter (O), cation exchange capacity (A) and mineral reserve (M)</span><span style=" font-family: '','serif';">. The study area which covers about 44150 ha<sup>2</sup>. 4 main geomorphologic units, <em>i.e.</em> flood plain, hummuky area, hilly area and turtle back. It is considered as unstable ecosystem due to the active degradation resulting from climate, relief and soil properties. The most active land degradation features are; salinization, sodification, waterlogging and compaction, all of which have negative impacts on land productivity.</span><span style=" font-family: '','serif';">Soil topograph, physical and chemical properties too were measured to assess land productivity index (LPI). <span>Rating of soil and topographic parameters were calculated using productivity formula for productivity classification for each land mapping unit. Most of the study areas 96.38%; 36232 ha are excellent and good classes (class I and II) in terms of agricultural use. The remaining areas 3.62% ; 1364 ha are extremely poor class or nil (class V).</span></span><span style=" font-family: '','serif'; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"></span>The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670155120150330Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and Its Suitability for Agriculture Use in Minufiya Governorate, Egypt819620910.21608/ejss.2015.209ENManal F.TantawySoils, Water and Environment Institute Research, Agricultural Research Center.W.M.NadaDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Minufiya University, Minufiya, Egypt.E.A.Abou HussienDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Minufiya University, Minufiya, Egypt.Journal Article20140406<span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">THIS study was conducted to evaluate factors regulating groundwater quality as applied mainly for agricultural use. For these purposes, fourteen groundwater samples have been collected from different locations of Minufiya Governorate, Egypt. Minufiya governorate is located in the Nile Delta, 80 km north of Cairo, and its groundwater resources are developed for water supply and irrigation purposes. The groundwater samples were analyzed for various water quality parameters such as pH, electric conductivity, soluble cations (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>+2</sup> and Mg<sup>+2</sup>), soluble anions (Cl<sup>-</sup>, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, CO<sub>3</sub><sup>-2</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup>), </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">macronutrients (NO<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>4</sub>, total P and total K), and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu). A chemical index like sodium percent (% Na), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonated (RSC) and Kelley’s ratio (KR) were calculated. </span> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"></span> <br /> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">Based on the analytical results, the abundance major ions are as follows: HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> > Cl<sup>-</sup> > SO<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup> > CO<sub>3</sub><sup>-2 </sup>and Na<sup>+</sup> > Mg<sup>+2</sup>> Ca<sup>+2</sup> > K<sup>+</sup>. Also, the examined samples for its content of macro and micro nutrients can be arranged as K > NO<sub>3</sub>-N > NH<sub>4</sub>-N > P and Fe > Cu or Mn >Zn, respectively. The studied water samples have pH values ranged between 6.88 and 7.89. The analytical results indicated that, 14.28%, 57.15%, 64.29%, 92.86% of ground water samples classified as a good order based on EC, RSC, % Na and KR parameters, respectively. On the other hand, 100% of groundwater sample is excellent for irrigation purposes based on SAR, while 50% of samples are marginally for irrigation dependable on its nitrate content. The dominant hydrochemical facies of groundwater is Ca-Mg-HCO<sub>3</sub> and Na-Cl-SO<sub>4</sub> type. Assessment of water samples from various methods indicated that groundwater in the study area is chemically suitable for agricultural uses without any harmful effect on soil or plant.</span>The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670155120150330Competitive Adsorption of Cu, Zn and Mn on Compost Amended Soils with Variable Clay Content9711321010.21608/ejss.2015.210ENM. S.KotbDepartment of Soils & Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt.Journal Article20140518<span style=" font-family: '','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">THE AIM of this study was to assess the effects of a single application of compost derived from cr</span><span style=" font-family: '','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: ''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">op wastes, and incubated for 60 days, </span><span style=" font-family: '','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">on the competitive adsorption of Cu, Zn and Mn on four soil samples with different clay contents (2%, 10%, 20% and 40%, hereafter referred to S<sub>2</sub>, S<sub>10</sub>, S<sub>20</sub> and S<sub>40</sub>) in terms of their physical and chemical properties.</span><span style=" font-family: '','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: ''; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The competitive sorption isotherms of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) in multi-metal batch experiments were characterized using linear, Freundlich and Langmuir equations. All soils showed greater sorption capacity and binding strength for Cu than the other trace elements. On the basis of distribution (partition) coefficient (K<sub>d</sub>) values for the metal concentration and maximum sorption capacity (Q) for each soil and <span>trace element, the selectivity sequence was obtained. The greatest adsorption sequence found was Cu>Zn>Mn. Cu was the trace element most strongly adsorbed by all soils, whereas Zn and Mn were the least adsorbed in the competitive situation. The relationships between maximum adsorption and partitioning coefficients of </span></span><span style=" font-family: '','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Cu, Zn and Mn and clay content </span><span style=" font-family: '','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: ''; letter-spacing: -.1pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">were quantitatively modeled.</span>