The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670154120140330Heavy Metal Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Hydrocarbons Contaminated Soil1611510.21608/ejss.2014.115ENJournal Article20110619FOUR bacterial isolates were isolated from hydrocarbons<span style="color: white;">….</span> contaminated soil from Korea. The isolated bacteria were tested for their heavy metal resistance with different concentrations of Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Cr<sup>6+</sup> (0-100 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) on a Tris-minimal medium using agar diffusion method. The result shows that Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Pb<sup>2+</sup> resistance was the most widespread. None of the tested isolates were tolerated for Cr<sup>6+</sup>. Specifically, the bacterial isolate <em>Bacillus</em> X4 was multiple metal resistances to Cu<sup>2+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> of concentrations 50, 50 and 10 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The resistant bacterium was identified based on 16S rRNA as <em>Bacillus megaterium </em>X4. Results suggest that <em>Bacillus megaterium </em>X4. can be used to remediate heavy metals from hydrocarbons contaminated soils.The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670154120140330Physiographic Units Delineation and Land Evaluation of North Sinai Coastal Soils using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems72111610.21608/ejss.2014.116ENJournal Article20110827<span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; background: white; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> T</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">HE COASTAL belt in north Sinai is considered as one of the <span style="color: white;">……</span>most important promising area for agriculture. The study area is located between longitudes 32° 15' and 34° 15' east and latitudes 30° 45' and 31° 15' north. The study aims at the physiographic units delineation and the evaluation of the study area for irrigated agriculture. Evaluation will be aided by geographic data integration and analysis by the modern techniques of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). </span> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"></span> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">The physiographic units resulted from the </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">geographic data (geologic, topographic and satellite image, ETM acquired in 2008) are: </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">(1) </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">Fluvial Aeolian plains</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">, </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">(2) Sand Dunes</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">, (3)</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"> Aeolian plains</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">, </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">(4) Wadi plain</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">,</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"> (5) Sabkhas, (6) Sandy Beaches and (7) High Lands</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">. These units </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">were verified by in situ data capture and laboratory analysis. Twenty-five soil profiles were excavated, morphologically examined, classified and sampled to represent the soil types prevailed in the former units.</span> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"></span> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">The soil properties (wetness, texture, depth, CaCO<sub>3</sub>, gypsum and salinity and alkalinity) were quantified and evaluated for irrigated agriculture. Suitability classes map (S1, S2, S3 and NS) were produced. </span> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">The land suitability classes of the study physiographic units are as follows:</span> <br /><span style=" font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: '';"> </span></span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">Soils of fluvial Aeolian plains are of class S2 with minor areas of S1.</span> <br /><span style=" font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: '';"> </span></span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">Soils of sand dunes are dominated by class S2 with inclusions of S3 and N classes.</span> <br /><span style=" font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: '';"> </span></span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">Both of Aeolian plains and wadi plains are dominated by S3 with less abundant by S2.</span> <br /><span style=" font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: '';"> </span></span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">Soils of the sabkhas are dominated by S3 and N classes.</span> <br /> <br /><span style=" font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: '';"> </span></span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">The high land soils are of N suitability class and those of sandy beaches exert S2 class.</span>The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670154120140330Impact of Calcium Source on Modification of Properties of Saline-Sodic Soils233311910.21608/ejss.2014.119ENJournal Article20120827<strong></strong><br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">A SOIL column (30-cm long and 16-cm inside diameter) experiment was conducted to study the effect of calcium source on reclaiming a saline sodic clay loam soil</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> collected from</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">Sahl El-Tina</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">, northern Sinai, Egypt. The calcium sources were agricultural gypsum "AG", phosphogypsum "PG" and calcium</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> chloride "CC". Amendments</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"> were thoroughly mixed with soil. </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">Leaching was done using the intermittent method so as to add portions to the already saturated soil columns. Six leachates of equal volumes were collected. At the end of experiment</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"> EC, pH, SAR, ESP and bulk density of soil decreased compared with the initial values which were 24.9 dSm<sup>-1</sup>, 8.78, 26.3, 40.25 and 1.42 Mgm<sup>-3</sup>, respectively. Respective values at termination of experiment were for CC: 2.72 dSm<sup>-1</sup>, 8.12, 3.40, 3.79 and1.23 Mgm<sup>-3</sup>; for PG: 3.37 dSm<sup>-1</sup>, 7.88, 4.78, 5.85 and 1.27 Mgm<sup>-3</sup>, for AG: 3.60 dSm<sup>-1</sup>, 8.02, 4.94, 6.08 and 1.32 Mgm<sup>-3</sup>, for control: 5.41 dSm<sup>-1</sup>, 8.20, 6.05, 7.75 and 1.33 Mgm<sup>-3</sup>. All amendments were greater efficiencies as compared with control treatment. With only a few of exceptions the order of efficiency of amendments was CC > PG > AG. This reflects the high solubility of CC rendering it the most readily available source of soluble Ca<sup>2+</sup>. Concerning PG and AG, results</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> show that</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"> PG was of a relatively greater effect on reducing EC, pH, SAR, ESP and bulk density. This indicates high Ca<sup>2+</sup> release from PG due to its more acidity. The study suggests that leaching using Ca<sup>+2</sup> sources amendments improves physicochemical properties of saline-sodic soils especially </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">CC followed by PG and AG</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">.</span> <br /> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"></span>The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670154120140330Soil Biological Activity in Relation to Organic and Bio-fertilizer Application354812310.21608/ejss.2014.123ENJournal Article20121209<br /> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">AN INCUBATION experiment was conducted into Laboratory of Soils and Water Sci. Dept., Fac. of Agric., AL-Azhar Univ., Assiut, Egypt. The aim is to study the effect of organic materials (filter mud cake, sheep and chicken manures) and bio-fertilizer (effective microorganism's, EM) on the soil biological activity indicated by CO<sub>2</sub>-evolution</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">. </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">The experiment was set in a complete randomization design with four replicates.</span> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"></span> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">The results indicated that the combination of organic materials and EM gave the </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">maximum rate of cumulative CO<sub>2</sub>-C released under chicken manure with EM treatment</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">. Also, it enhanced the </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">CO<sub>2</sub>-C fluxes process </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">during the</span> incubation time particularly at<span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"> 3 and 7 days (13.14</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"> and 12.22</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">mg C /100g soil, </span>respectively) where fluxes peak<span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"> appeared. </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">CO<sub>2</sub>-C fluxes differed among treatments according to the descending order; Chicken manure + EM > sheep manure + EM > filter mud + EM > chemical fertilizer + EM > EM only.</span> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"></span> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">At full incubation time (127 days), the individual treatment of organic materials with EM decreased soil OM content less to 0.50 %.</span> <br /> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;"></span>The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670154120140330Rates and Methods of Rice Straw Application to Wheat and Rice Crops and the Implications on Crop Productivity as Well as some Soil Properties496812610.21608/ejss.2014.126ENJournal Article20130109<span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; text-transform: uppercase;"> T</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">WO<span style="text-transform: uppercase;"> field</span> experiments one on wheat and one on ricesucceeding wheat (2009 / 2010 wheat, 2010 rice) were carried out on a clayey soil at Ghazala El-khis on Efficient Productivity Institute farm, Sharkhia-Governorate to study the effect of rice straw residue applied to wheat on yield and nutrient uptake of wheat and also the residual effect of such residues on rice crop which succeeded the wheat crop. Rates were 4.8, 9.5 and 14.3 Mg (mega grams) ha<sup>-1</sup>, methods were surface application followed by incorporation in the 30 cm top soil and application in ditches 40 cm deep (tunnels) spaced at 2,3and 4m between each other. Application of straw caused a slight decrease in wheat grains and marked decreases in straw yields. Ditch application recorded greater values over surface application. Uptake of N and P by wheat was lower due to rice residue application but for K, it gave higher values over the non-treated and the highest values were recorded at the 3<em><sup>rd</sup></em> rate with ditches treatment of 2m distance. There was a residual effect on yields of rice as well as NPK uptake and protein percent over treatment not receiving rice straw residue in the preceding wheat crop. The ditch method was superior to the broadcast method; and decreased with increasing the spacing between ditches, as well with the decrease in the rate of application. The results also indicated positive effects on bulk density as well as organic matter and NPK contents in soil. Greater values were obtained at the rate of the 14.3 Mg ha <sup>-1</sup> with ditches method of 2m </span> <br /> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">distances.</span>The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670154120140330Wheat Yield Response to Irrigation Water Amounts Based on Evapotranspiration and Nitrogen Fertilization Levels698312810.21608/ejss.2014.128ENJournal Article20130410<br /> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"> WATER </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: ''; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG;">supply and fertilization are major constraint to crop <span style="color: white;">……</span>production. Wheat as an important crop a great effort has been made to achieve suitable agronomic practices in order to increase its production. A field experiment was conducted in sandy soil to determine the response of wheat yield to different irrigation water amounts based on reference evapotranspiration (ET<sub>0</sub>) and to nitrogen fertilization levels. The irrigation water regimes were 75, 85, 100, and 120% of ET<sub>0</sub>. The nitrogen levels were 0, 60, 90, 120 kg N/fed. Results showed that maximum plant height, 1000 grain weight, the number of grains per spike, straw yield and grain yield were achieved with 85% of ET<sub>0</sub>. Increasing nitrogen level increased the studied yield parameters and the grain yield under all irrigation treatments. The combination treatment 85% of ET and 120 kg N/fed., recorded the highest plant height, number of grains per spike and both grain and straw yields. Seasonal water consumptive use (WCU) increased with the increase of irrigation water amount. Average values of (WCU) ranged between 565.2 mm and 346.0 mm. The maximum value of water use efficiency (WUE) was obtained under irrigation by 85% of ET<sub>0</sub> and fertilized with 120 kg N/fed. Irrigation water economy (IWE) was also increased with 85% ET<sub>0</sub> and with the increase in nitrogen level. Although increasing nitrogen level increased (WUE) and (IWE), it decreased nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The results concluded that irrigation with 85% of ET<sub>0</sub> is appropriate for wheat yield and could be an alternative means of water saving when optimizing with nitrogen fertilizer doses in the studied region.</span>The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670154120140330Response of Cotton Plants to Boron Side Dressing as Affected by Phosphorus Fertilization and Crop Residues Incorporation in Soil859613010.21608/ejss.2014.130ENJournal Article20130416<span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"> BORON deficiency is expected to occur on Cotton plants <span style="color: white;">…...</span>(<em>Gossypium hirsutum </em>L.) grown on clay soil received a high rate of P fertilizer and amended with crop residues (CR). This work aims to explore the response of cotton plants grown on such soil to B side- dressing. Two rates of B (0 and 2 kg B fed<sup>-1 </sup>as boric acid), four rates of P fertilizer (0, 100, 300 and 500 kg superphosphate fed<sup>-1</sup>) and two levels of CR were tested in an experiment carried out at the Experimental Farm of Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.</span> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"></span> <br /><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">Heavy application of superphosphate (500 kg SP fed<sup>-1</sup>) resulted in increasing hot water extractable B from 1.88 to 2.05 and from 2.68 to 3.01 ppm in soil samples collected at peak bloom of two growth seasons.</span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">Incorporation of CR into the soil significantly increased hot water extractable B to as high as 32.4, 26.3 and 43.6% more than the untreated soil samples while it significantly decreased B content in cotton leaves by 17.1, 20.9 and 12.2% in samples collected at peak bloom of the 1<em><sup>st</sup></em> season, peak bloom and 50% open boll of the 2<em><sup>nd</sup></em></span><span style=" mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: '';">season, respectively. </span><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';">With the application of 2 kg B fed<sup>-1</sup>, there were 38.1 and 57.7% increases in B contents of leaves sampled at peak bloom and 50% open boll growth stages, respectively, over control.</span><strong><span style=" mso-bidi-font-family: '';"></span></strong>