The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670163220230601Evaluating the removal efficiency of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from a shale deposit by citric acid14315028528310.21608/ejss.2023.148878.1567ENAliAliNuclear Materials AuthorityIhab MFaridBenha University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soils and Water DepartmentMohamed H.H.AbbasBenha University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soils and Water department0000-0002-1905-1241Journal Article20230116The majority of arable lands of Egypt are deserts, mainly sandy soils of low fertility, low water retention and high water and wind erodibility. Shale deposits (rich in clay minerals) might be considered suitable conditioners to improve soil physical, chemical and mineralogical properties and hence increase its productivity. However, these additives should not be a source of contaminants such as PTEs. Accordingly, a technical shale deposit sample was collected from Abu Thor (longitudes between 33○ 22″ and 33○ 23ʺ E and latitudes between 29○ 00″ and 29○ 02ʺ N), Southwest Sinai . In this shale deposit sample, silica comprised 37.35% and alumina was about 18.37%. This sample also contained 630 mg Mn, 7704 mg Zn, 19200 mg Fe, 2627 mg Pb, 2763 mg Co and 1310 mg Ni per kg. These levels are not environmentally acceptable in shale deposits when used for soil conditioning. Accordingly, removal or at least reduction in contents of these contaminants in shale deposits should be considered prior to their addition as conditioners to low fertile which exhibit low water holding soils such as the sandy ones. To attain this aim, PVC columns (6.8cm inner diameter× 45cm height) were filled with the shale deposit, washed with citric acid (conc: 10 g L-1) at a flow rate of 1 mL per min. with a total volume of 3200 mL per column and the leachate was collected every 100 min to determine its content of PTEs. Cumulative extracted PTEs were calculated versus time and best fitted to the power function kinetic model. This extraction followed the sequence of Ni>Fe>Co>Pb≈Zn>Mn and, in general, the removal efficiencies were low and did not exceed 12% of Ni, 4% of Co, 2.97% of Mn, 2% of Pb and 1% for each of Fe and Zn. It can; therefore, be deduced that citric acid can only chelate the easily bounded forms of PTEs. More researches are needed to investigate the efficiency of citric acid for in-situ long term facilitated phytoextraction of PTEs from shale deposits to attain more acceptable levelshttps://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_285283_f236d7443c5c023a0a6b896014f5d728.pdfThe National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670163220230601Biological Nano-Selenium for Eggplant Biofortification under Soil Nutrient Deficiency15116228673410.21608/ejss.2023.190428.1570ENSamiMahmoudVegetable Research Dept., Agriculture and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Behouth St., Dokki, 12622 Giza, EgyptShaymaaShedeedPlant Nutrition Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, EgyptHassanEl-Ramadysoil and water dept. faculty of agriculture0000-0002-1113-726XZakaria FouadAbdallaAbd El- Hameed El Hawary Street, No 7- 4th floor0000-0002-4848-9218Abd El- MohsinEl-BassionyVegetable Crops Dept., Agriculture and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Behouth St., Dokki, 12622 Giza, EgyptSamehEl-SawyVegetable Crops Dept., Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Behouth St., Dokki, 12622 Giza, EgyptJournal Article20230129Soil nutrient deficiency is a real challenge facing the crop production under sandy soils conditions. This challenge has an increase concern all over the world specially to produce biofortified crops for overcome many human health problems like malnutrition. The current study was carried out to evaluate production of biofortified eggplant enriched in selenium (Se) using biological nano-Se and its bulk form under soil nutrient deficiency stress. In general, the applied 30 ppm of bulk Se-fertilizer achieved many studied attributes, whereas the highest applied dose of biological nano-Se (40 ppm) may need higher doses without recoding toxicity on eggplants. Applied bionano Se recorded an increase up to 100% compared to the control in Se content in eggplant fruits, although this increase in both fruit and leaves were not toxic and the mean values of Se content in fruits were lower than leaves in both seasons and both were in the allowable Se content for human diet. To develop a full picture of eggplant biofortification with Se, additional studies will be needed to answer more open questions regarding producing a safe and healthy eggplant for human nutrition.https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_286734_9b2c3c5ae16fcd60a3e43c436a314998.pdfThe National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670163220230601Integrated Effect of Mole Drains Systems and Planting Methods on Saline Soil Chemical Properties and Wheat Productivity16317628823610.21608/ejss.2023.192612.1571ENWael MohamedNadasoil sci. dept., faculty of agriculture, menoufia university, Egypt0000000218848646Manal FTantawySoils, Water and Environment Research Institute (Agric. Res Center) Giza, EgyptMohamed MohamedHamadsoils, water and environment research institute, ARC, giza, EgyptEssamAbo-Elelasoil, water and environment research institute , ARC, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20230208Two fields experiments were carried out at El-Serw Agricultural Research Station, Damietta Governorate (31° 14' 37.3" N, 31° 47' 57.1" E), Egypt during two successive winter growing seasons of 2018/ 2019 and 2019/2020 to study the effect of mole drains (with 2 and 4 m distance and 30 and 40 cm depth) and two planting methods (basins and furrows) on saline soil chemical properties, fertilely and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., vc Sakha 93) productivity. The obtained data showed that, increasing in mole depth and decrease the distance between the moles reduced sail pH, EC, ESP and the content of OM and available N, P and K. These decreases with furrows planting method were higher than those found with basins planting method. In addition, the high straw and grains yields (kgfed-1) of wheat plants as well as its content and uptake of N, P, K and protein were found with 2 m distance and 40 cm depth of mole drains in furrow planting methods. These results concluded that, under saline sail conditions, furrows planting method performed than basins one with applying mole drains as well as application of both organic and mineral fertilizer in suitable amounts and forms.https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_288236_9724b615db3be5753437a963108b87e2.pdfThe National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670163220230601To What Extent Can Maillard Reaction Products Influence the Probiotic and Harmful Bacteria?17718529574210.21608/ejss.2023.189687.1569ENGrétaTörősDoctoral School of Animal Husbandry, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary0000-0003-1604-1985FerencPelesInstitute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary0000-0002-9226-3777HassanElramadySoil and Water Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, EgyptJózsefProkischInstitute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi Street, 4032 Debrecen, HungaryJournal Article20230125Maillard reaction (MR) is a non-enzymatic browning process, which helps to produce flavor and aroma, and different compounds with different health effects in the food and feed. The reaction is between reducing carbohydrates (reducing sugars) and amino compounds and it can be classified into three stages (initial, intermediate, and final). Depending on the reaction and storage conditions, activity and complexity of reactants used tools for environment control, and applied biotechnological applications, both beneficial and toxic MRPs can be produced. This review aims to analyze the activities and mechanisms of components forming by the Maillard reaction and the most common bioactive Maillard reaction products (MRPs) with prebiotic, antifungal, and antibacterial activity. Moreover, the study of the possible formation of toxic chemicals and having a look at the elimination ways of this potential problem was also an important goal in this review. <br /><br />The main aim of this review is to address the benefits of Maillard reaction products, which have been identified in previous studies to have antimicrobial and prebiotic effects, for the treatment of human pathogens. The present study will help to understand the positive and negative sides of Maillard reaction.https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_295742_20fe2515bdb21144c0d0c442d71fa638.pdfThe National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670163220230601Evaluation of the Efficiency of Foliar Potassium Applications as Drought Mitigation18719629473410.21608/ejss.2023.198085.1576ENWalaa AhmedEl ShafeiSoils and water Dept,. Agric. Fac. Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, EgyptManal MubarakMohamedSoils and water Dept,. Agric. Fac. Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, EgyptAhmed Abd ElfatahIbrahimSoils and water Dept,. Agric. Fac. Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, EgyptMona I.NossierSoils and water Dept,. Agric. Fac. Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt0000-0001-9029-0600Journal Article20230305A field experiment was performed to investigate the mitigation effects of foliar K on wheat under drought stress. Foliar potassium treatments, either in terms of sources and concentrations, relatively increased wheat water use by about 111 and 117 and 114 % for the foliar application of K2O-K2SO4 and 120, 120 and 117% for the foliar application of K2O-K2SiO3 at concentration treatments of 0.5, 1.0, and 2% respectively relative to control treatment (0.0 K2O) = 100. The positive mitigation effects of K on wheat water use were more pronounced for using K2SiO3 than K2SO4 respectively. The foliar application of potassium either in the forms of K2SO4 or K2SiO3 at the different tested concentrations increased the grain production per unit of water use. Where water use efficiency reached about 2.23, 2.34 and 2.27 kg/m3 for K2SO4 and 2.41, 2.39 and 2.33 kg/m3 for K2SiO3 at concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2% K2O respectively compared to 1.99 kg/m3 for the control treatment. It could be concluded that the foliar K application may act positively act to mitigate drought stress particularly when applied at the beginning of the emergence, tillering and flowering stages of wheat.https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_294734_0810990f02a4d39cf9912fe88409a9d2.pdfThe National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670163220230601Mineralogical Study of Clay Fraction of Soil Along Nasser Lake Affected by Construction of The High Dam, Aswan, Egypt19720729802710.21608/ejss.2023.199852.1580ENAtef Abdelaziz AliSweedDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Aswan University, Aswan City, Egypt0000-0001-5084-5077Journal Article20230313Clay mineralogy studies were essential for understanding the weathering environments and source regions of fluvial sediments affected by construction of the High Dam. This study conducted in Aswan Governorate, Egypt, to knowing the minerals formed the clay fraction separated from some horizons of soil profiles. To achieve this purpose, eight soil profiles were taken from the western side of Nasser Lake. The clay fraction was separated from the horizon have a high content of clay and prepared for X-ray diffractometry which used to determine the content of clay minerals. <br />The obtained results revealed that, the studied clay fractions that separated from soil profiles are dominated contents of quartz and Kaolinite minerals recorded average values of 39.68 and 30.57%, respectively, followed by smectite (11.06%) and micasmectite (3.31%) assemblages. Also, the mean values of the studied minerals varied in the clay fractions and were 2.11, 2.06, 1.30, 0.98, 0.93, 0.93, 0.74 and 0.50% of palygorskite, mica, calcite, plagocalsite, pyrophyllite, vermculite and hematite, respectively. The obtained mineral compositions showed that physical weathering was dominant compared to chemical weathering due to the increase amount of quartz present in the clay fractions. In general, weathering was not severe because the secondary clay minerals were not formed in large quantities, and perhaps these obtained results are due to the type of parent material predominated, whether present in the study area or transported across of Nile River to the place of sedimentation, and the weather conditions prevailing in the study area helped in that.https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_298027_344de6ac35fcf63776c743fa21f7de0e.pdfThe National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670163220230601Selenium Nano-Biofortification under Soil Nutrient Deficiency: A Comparative Study between Green Bean and Pepper20922329865910.21608/ejss.2023.198184.1577ENShaymaaShedeedPlant Nutrition Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, EgyptZakaria FouadAbdallaAbd El- Hameed El Hawary Street, No 7- 4th floor0000-0002-4848-9218Abd El- MohsinEl-BassionyVegetable Crops Dept., Agriculture and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Behouth St., Dokki, 12622 Giza, EgyptHassanEl-Ramadysoil and water dept. faculty of agriculture0000-0002-1113-726XJoeProkischInstitute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 138 B&ouml;sz&ouml;rm&eacute;nyi Street, 4032 Debrecen, HungarySamehEl-SawyVegetable Crops Dept., Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Behouth St., Dokki, 12622 Giza, EgyptSamiMahmoudVegetable Research Dept., Agriculture and Biological Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Behouth St., Dokki, 12622 Giza, EgyptJournal Article20230305Sandy soils are well known with its low fertility (i.e., soil nutrient deficiency stress), which mainly depends on the level of soil organic matter. Sandy soils globally cover around 900 million ha, which particularly spread in arid and semi-arid regions. The cultivation of such soils is a great challenge worldwide specially to produce biofortified different crops. The current study was designated to investigate the differences between pepper and green bean to different forms and applied doses of selenium during biofortification program under soil nutrient deficiency stress. The main forms of selenium were biological nano selenium and its bulk form, whereas the main doses were 10, 20, 30, and 40 ppm for both forms. In general, the response of studied vegetable crops had a similar behavior under such studied stress regarding all selected attributes. This response represents in increasing the studied trails of growth, and nutritional status of both crops by increasing the applied nano-Se up to 20 or 30 ppm, while bulk forms of Se at 20 ppm for both crops. The production of biofortified fruits of both green bean and pepper were not only contain high content of Se to prevent the biofortification program, but also increased the all studied attributes of crops. This study seeks to remedy the problems of cultivation of sandy soils under biofortification program by applying both mineral and nano-Se sources with propriety to the biological nano-Se. This study also opened many questions concerning the biofortification program using other vegetable crops under different stresses.https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_298659_3a8e80fd23913b0ee91208cc82f40ca1.pdfThe National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670163220230601Effect of Compost Along with Spraying of Methyl Jasmonate and Potassium Silicate on The Productivity of French Basil under Sandy Soil Conditions22524129867110.21608/ejss.2023.203548.1583ENMohamed G. R.SarhanDepartment of soil fertility and plant nutrition; Soil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., ARC, EgyptAbeer M.ShehataMedicinal & Aromatic Plants Res. Dept., Horticulture Res. Inst., Agricultural Research Center, EgyptJournal Article20230401Aromatic plants are a sustainable supply of flavoring ingredients that apply to the food, fragrance, and medicinal industries. To determine the effects of compost manure fertilization (2, 4, and 6 tons/ha) along with spraying of methyl jasmonate (20 and 30 ppm) and potassium silicate (1000 and 2000 ppm) on the vegetative growth and chemical components of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants, a field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of El-Quassassin Horticultural Research Station, Ismailia Governorate, for two succeeding seasons (2021 and 2022). Four replications of a split-plot design with three treatments of compost manure fertilization in the main plot and three treatments of stimulants in the sub plot. The data collected showed that the foliar treatments of 2000 ppm K-silicate combined with 6.0 tons of compost manure per hectare of sweet basil plants produced the most significant levels of these traits. However, the highest values for plant height were from the application of 6 tons/ha of compost manure combined with 30 ppm of methyl jasmonate. The lowest values, in contrast, resulted from 2.0 tons of compost per hectare across both growing seasons under no stimulant conditions.https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_298671_d437eab72997b0a654e2559df901043b.pdfThe National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670163220230601Maximizing Faba Bean Tolerance to Soil Salinity Stress Using Gypsum, Compost and Selenium24325329867010.21608/ejss.2023.203083.1582ENMohamed AtefElsherpinySoil, Water and environment Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, Egypt9624-6427-0002-0000Journal Article20230329Saline soil can be difficult to manage, as it lacks the nutrients needed for plant growth, but with the use of agricultural techniques and appropriate fertilization programs, agricultural productivity can be increased from these soils. So, a field trial was implemented to evaluate the possibility of alleviation of oxidative-stress induced by soil salinity stress on faba bean plant via soil addition of gypsum and compost and foliar application of selenium at different rates. Four soil amendment treatments [T0: Without any soil addition (control); T1: Gypsum at rate of 7.2 Mg ha-1; T2: Compost at rate of 7.2 Mg ha-1; T3: Gypsum +compost at rate of 3.6 Mg ha-1 for each of them] represented the main plots. While five selenium rates [Se0: Without selenium (control); Se1: With selenium (2.5 Se mgL-1); Se2: With selenium (5.0 Se mgL-1); Se3: With selenium (7.5 Se mgL-1); Se4: With selenium (10.0 Se mgL-1)] were allocated in the sub plots. The maximum values of both MDA and proline (9.51 and 9.61 for MDA and 6.64 and 6.71 for proline in both studied seasons, respectively) were achieved under control treatment. While the lowest one (4.99 and 5.05 for MDA and 3.84 and 3.89 for proline in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively) were realized under the combined treatment (gypsum+ compost). Concerning the selenium treatments, the maximum values of both MDA and proline (7.61 and 7.7 for MDA and 5.71 and 5.79 for proline in both studied seasons, respectively) were achieved with plants sprayed with 10.0 Se mg L-1 followed by the control treatment (grown without Se), while the lowest one (6.35 and6.44 for MDA and 4.95 and 5.01 for proline in both seasons, respectively) were realized with plants sprayed with 5.0 Se mg L-1. On the other hand, the combined treatment of gypsum and compost was the most effective in achieving the highest values for all traits of growth performance and productivity, followed by the treatment of compost alone then gypsum alone which was less effective and lately the control treatment. The selenium treatments had a significant and gradual impact on all the traits of growth performance and productivity, with an increase observed as the Se rate was increased from 0.0 mgL-1 to 5.0 mgL-1, followed by a significant and gradual decrease until the selenium concentration reached 10.0 mgL-1. Notably, the values obtained under the control treatment were superior to those observed under the Se4 treatment (10.0 mgL-1), indicating that excessive selenium application may have a negative effect on the traits. Generally, the combination of T3 and Se2 treatments resulted in the most favorable growth performance and productivity for faba bean cultivation under saline soil conditions.<br />Finally, it is recommended that farmers dealing with salt-affected soil use a combination of gypsum and compost to improve soil quality and plant growth. Additionally, when adding selenium to the plant, it is crucial to consider the dose and avoid excessive application, as this may have a negative impact on plant growth, especially under salt-affected conditions.https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_298670_0eede3b79b698fc36031e4b3a4545f2a.pdfThe National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Soil Science0302-670163220230601Biochemical Properties of Calcareous Soil Affected by the Source of Sulphur-Organo Fertilizers25526529867210.21608/ejss.2023.205582.1586ENWael MohamedNadasoil sci. dept., faculty of agriculture, menoufia university, Egypt0000000218848646ElhusienyAbouhussiensoil Sci., Fac. of Agric. Menoufia Univ., shebin el-kom, EgyptAhmed MohamedElbaalawySoil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt0000-0002-0254-4947Journal Article20230412Sulphur application is one of the recommended approaches to improve soil fertility and plant production sustainability in calcareous soils, but different types of mineral or organo sulphur fertilizers may differ in their efficiency. This field experiment was established in calcareous soil of private farm in Nubaria, Beheira Governorate, Egypt through the winter season of 2021/2022 to study the effect of three sulphur fertilizers varied in their forms on chemical and biological soil properties as well as the productivity of faba bean (Vicia faba L., cv Nubaria 3). The examined sulphur forms were control (S0), elemental sulphur (ES 250 and ES 500), compost treated by sulphur (CS 250 and CS 500), and compost tea enriched by sulphur (CTS 250 and CTS 500), whereas 0, 250 and 500 are S application rates (kg fed-1). The obtained results show that, compared to the (S0), all types of applied S fertilizers had a positive impact on the soil content of OM and available N, P, K, Ca, and S nutrients and CEC value, while having a negative effect on soil pH, EC and CaCO3 content. Also, soil biological activity of dehydrogenase, phosphatase and urease increased significantly with increasing sulphur application (with all S forms) rates compared with untreated soil. Generally, the positive and/or negative effect of the studied S fertilizers on soil properties takes the order CTS > CS > ES. There is a significant increase in both seed and straw yields and their macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and S) content for the faba bean plant with the added rate of S in all three forms, with the highest yields recorded to CTS followed by CS and ES treatments. Therefore, sulphur fertilizers particularly those applied as sulphur-organo (CS and CTS) forms should be added to calcareous soil to improve its chemical and biological properties and increased its productivity.https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_298672_16b41c69d120e116044adccac58a834c.pdf