2024-03-19T12:44:54Z
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=588
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
4
Assessment of the Potential of Sugarcane Bagasse to Mitigate Clayey Soil Cracks Using Image Processing Technique: Laboratory Experiment
IN THE AGRICULTURAL soils, desiccation cracks control the …..rate and velocity at which water, solutes, and micro-organisms are transported in the soil profile, and thus significantly affect the growth and yield of crops. Therefore, the effect of bagasse added to clay soil on suppressing desiccation cracks and the influencing factors behind the cracking behavior i.e., volumetric shrinkage and water retention property of clay soil were investigated experimentally under proper laboratory environment. To fulfill this objective, clay soils were amended using bagasse at a rate of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% on the dry weight basis. Various experimental methods were used to determine the variations in volumetric shrinkage and water holding capacity, while crack intensity factor and cracking width were determined using the image processing technique by ImageJ ver. 1.47 software for different bagasse-amended soils. Results showed that fine bagasse had the potential to improve water holding capacity and reduce volumetric shrinkage strain and thus reduce the cracks development at desiccation of the clay soil. Also, results suggested that addition of bagasse to clay soil was an available and simple method to mitigate desiccation cracks, especially when mixed with soil in rates between 1 and 2% on the dry weight basis. Above this percentage reducing the development of desiccation cracks was not significant.
Volumetric shrinkage
Water holding capacity
Soil cracking behavior
bagasse
2016
12
01
561
572
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_3329_242a5968ad1400d360a04eca2d7ad8ca.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
4
Approach for Reclamation and Improving Fertility of Saline-Sodic Soils
Approach for Reclamation and Improving Fertility of Saline-Sodic Soils
A POT experiment was conducted under the greenhouse ……..conditions at the Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University to try reclamation and cultivation of saline-sodic soils. Soil samples were collected from Sahl El-Tin, Sinai Governorate, Egypt. Plastic pots were filled with soil. Soil was treated with compost or gypsum as soil amendments before filling. The gypsum and compost addition rate were 10.32 and 20 Mg ha-1, respectively. The soils were leached with water having EC 1.2 dSm-1using intermittent method. Reclamation requirements (RR) were calculated based on pore volume (PV). Soil was leached with amount of water equivalent 1.5 PV (1.5 PV was equal 4.85 liter of water). Leaching water amount was divided into 10 equal quantities each one equal 0.49 liter. Following termination of leaching, samples were taken from soils were amended with gypsum and compost and analyzed. After reclamation process, the same pots were planted with wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Sakha 93) to study the effect of fulvic acid “FA” as application soil and foliar sprays with Moringa leaf extract “MLE” and Marine algae extract “MAE” as Ascophyllum nodosum (Phaeophyceae) on photosynthetic pigments, yield and nutrient uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv., Sakha 93) under newly reclaimed soils with gypsum and compost. The results of the study indicated that gypsum and compost showed a pronounced decreased in bulk density, EC, pH, SAR and ESP compared with the initial soil with superiority of gypsum on compost in reducing EC, SAR and ESP. The highest values of plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll a, b and caroteniods, yield, straw and grain NPK-uptake,1000 grain weight and protein content were obtained with FA combined with moringa extract spray. However, non-treated plants showed the lowest one. Spraying with moringa leaf extract gave a significant increase in growth yield parameters; yield, photosynthetic pigments, NPK-uptake,1000 grain weight and protein content compared to foliar spray with marine algae extract in the two soils. Soils reclaimed with compost gave higher values of yield, straw and grains NPK- uptake and protein content than the values under application of gypsum under different treatments.
Saline
sodic
gypsum
compost
Wheat
Fluvic acid
moringa leaf extract
Marine algae extract
newly reclaimed soils
2016
12
30
573
588
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_3330_b0ee923e909153b239e42f69b5beba85.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
4
Evaluation of Soil Fertility Using Multivariate Analysis and GIS in Moghra Oasis, Egypt
UNDERSTANDING spatial variability of soil properties ……..is important for refining soil fertility management that leads to high crop yields at reduced crop production costs and helps protect the environment. This study was undertaken in order to create soil management zones in the Moghra Oasis, North-East Qattara Depression, Egypt on the basis of variation in several soil parameters. Representative soil samples were collected at two depths (0-30 cm and 30-60 cm) from the study area. Substantial variation was observed in elevation, soil salinity, pH, available P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B of the soils. Spatial variability pertaining to soil parameters was studied using kriging technique in GIS. Principal component analysis was performed in order to detect patterns, groupings, similarities or differences of soil parameters. The analysis showed that soil salinity, elevation and pH are the parameters that function as indicators of the multiple soil parameters in the study area. Accordingly, overlay process was performed between these parameters and five distinct zones were created. This can be considered a system for grouping soils according to the main fertility-related soil constraints and yield-limiting factors for specific agronomic management. Therefore, these zones should be helpful to the decision makers to commence exploiting the areas with fewer constraints as well as optimizing the agricultural inputs.
2016
12
30
589
603
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_3331_1425434a9165cfc74b1ca00453e7d8bf.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
4
Heavy Metals Uptake by Wheat, Bean and Onion and Characterization of Microorganisms in a Long-Term Sewage Wastewater Treated Soil
T
HE STUDY evaluated wheat, faba bean and onion uptake of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb and characterized the microbial biomass and distribution in a soil under irrigation with sewage wastewater for 40 years at ElMadabegh, Assiut, Egypt.
With sewage wastewater irrigation concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in all crops are optimal for plant growth, but that of Cd and Pb were high. Compared to that irrigated with the NileRiver fresh water, irrigation with sewage waste water resulted in lower dehydrogenase activity, soil respiration and microbial biomass carbon and higher quantities of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and denitryfing bacteria and decreased the quantities of nitrifying bacteria, Azotobacter bacteria and sulphere oxidizing bacteria.
In the rhizosphere of onion, the biomass of actinomycetes and fungi was lower, but that of bacteria was higher with sewage wastewater irrigation than with the NileRiver fresh water irrigation. Lowest log numbers of fungi, denitryfing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and Azotobacter bacteria were found in the rhizosphere of onion, but the log numbers of certain other bacteria and actinomycetes were not significantly different between the three crops.
These results showed high Pb and Cd concentrations in the crops irrigated with the sewage wastewater and that the sewage wastewater affected the quantity of common and functional microorganisms in the plant rhizosphere, but the magnitude of the microbial population is dependent on the crop type.
Functional microorganisms
Heavy metals
microbial biomass carbon
sewage wastewater
Soil respiration
2016
12
30
605
620
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_3334_0ee50d879db0f8ca930a494baf8a82e9.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
4
Assessment of Soil Quality Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Some Areas of North-East Nile Delta, Egypt
THE STUDY area is located north-east Nile Delta, north …….Ismaillia - south Port Said Governorates on the west side of Suez Canal, with total area approximately of 183136 ha. The water resources in the study area depend on Nile water flowing to the area through El-SalamCanal in the northward of the area meanwhile the southern part is supplied from Ismaillia canal. There are changes between land use/cover feature in investigated area for year 2000 and year 2015. The total area of bare soil are decreasing, about 33799 ha also the total area of urban areas are increasing about 2760 ha also the total area of vegetation are increasing; about 23270 haand the area of water bodies are increasing; about 7770 ha. Soil quality evaluation is a tool to improve soil management and land use system. A large number of different physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, known as soil quality indicators, are used to soil quality assessment. The geo-statistical approaches for GIS were used to produce the spatial variability for soil quality map for the studied area. The final goal of this study is to present soil quality assessment based on properties such as EC, pH, OM, CEC, ESP and CaCO3. The study derived estimates of soil fertility from the vegetation quality using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI) obtained from the satellite remote sensing data. High soil quality class occupies small area of the area around (16 %), while the intermediate class occupies 28.5% and low soil quality occupies 55.5 %.
Nile Delta
Remote sensing and GIS
NDVI
Geostatistical
Soil Quality
2016
12
30
621
638
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_3332_430b15dcd9b5a9a89147b71335e19eb0.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
4
Determination of Soil Productivity Potentials: A Case Study in El-Sharkia Governorate of Egypt
S OIL productivity evaluation is a major concern in soil science. The current study was conducted to evaluate the productivity of soils in El-Sharkia Governorate of Egypt. The study area covers about 457586ha. It consists of eight major physiographic units: overflow mantel (OM), overflow basin (OB), decantation basin (DB), river terrace (RT), turtle back (TB), clay flat (CF), alkali flat (AF) and sand remnant (SR). One soil profile was taken from each unit. Land productivity index (LPI) was based on parametric approaches using GIS. The Storie land productivity index (SLPI) and the Requier land productivity index (RLPI) were used taking into account soil and topographic parameters using specific formulas, productivity classification for each mapping unit. Comparisons were made between SLPI and RLPI values obtained for the selected sites. From 38.02 to 61.77 % of the total area consist of excellent and good classes (I and II) in terms of agricultural use. The average class III represents from 10.64 to 23.75% of the total area, whereas 10.97 to 17.67 % of the total area has poor class IV. The remaining of the area (2.41 % to 19.75 %) showed low values of productivity due to management practices which did not meet productivity requirements (class V and VI).
El-Sharkia Governorate
Land productivity
Storie Index
Riquier index
2016
12
01
639
665
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_3335_6bf4f992df4512ae5a2550cd3224e80f.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
4
Effect of Urea and Potassium Sulfate Fertilizers Combined with Boron on Soil Fertility and Sugar Beet Productivity in Salt Affected Soil
Rania
EL-Shal
A FIELD experiment was conducted an saline sodic soil at El-Quntra …….Shark, Ismailia governorate, Egypt, during two successive winter seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/ 2014. It amid to evaluate the effect of urea and potassium sulfate fertilizers at different rates alone or combined with boron on some soil properties and its content of available nutrients and sugar beet productivity as well as the roots content of macronutrients and yield quality in salt affected soil. The soil has a sandy loam texture and is saline sodic (ECe = 12.18 dS/m, SAR= 22.78 and pH = 8.13). The experimental design was randomized complete block with three replicates. Urea and potassium sulfate fertilizers at three different rates, were arranged in the main treatment and applied in three equal doses after 30, 50 and 75 days from planting. The boron rates at 0.0 and 0.5 kg boric acid fed-1 in three doses at the same periods of N, K application then randomly distributed in sub treatments.
Results showed that increasing N+K2O fertilizers rates up to 150 kg N and 100 kg K2O.fed-1 combined with B significantly decreased soil salinity, and significantly increased the available N and K, while P was not significantly affected. Sugar beet yield and yield quality as well as the nutrients content in root of sugar beet increased with increasing the rates of N+K2O combined with B. The maximum sugar beet yield of root (15.96 ton/fed), sugar yield (2.26 ton/fed), sucrose (16.07 %) and protein percentage (13.13%) were achieved with 150 kg N + 100 kg K2O / fed combined with 0.5 kg B. fed-1. Also, application of N+K2Orates had a significant positive effect on root fresh weight/plant, root diameter, and juice purity percentage in both seasons. Raising the N+K2O fertilizers rates combined with B significantly augmented the content of N, P and K in roots during the two growing seasons. The observation which ought to be mentioned herein that, the combination of 150 kg N + 100 kg K2O.fed-1 with B at rate of 0.5 kg B. fed-1 as foliar spray could be recommend to obtain economical yield with satisfactory quality and to improve the soil fertility under the conditions of the studied area.
Saline sodic soil
Sugar beet
Urea fertilizer
Potassium sulfate
Boron
2016
12
30
665
681
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_3336_744561cbb3f0f48b46657e21a4b85b45.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
4
Micronutrients and Diazotrophs Affecting Maize Plant Growth in Alluvial and Calcareous Soils
A GREENHOUSE pot experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of a combination among a mixture of 3 micronutrients (Mn, Zn and Cu) added as sulphate salts and two diazotrophic bacteria (Free-living Azotobacter + associative Azospirillum) on maize (Zea mays L.) plants. Six treatments of the micronutrients mixture and bacteria with six replicates were applied to each of two soils (alluvial clay and calcareous sandy). Treated plants were collected at 30 and 45 days after sowing. Fresh and dry weights and nutrient contents of maize plants were determined. The obtained results proved the enhancing influence of the different treatments on the fresh and dry matters of the plants. Likewise, the concentration and uptake of N, P, K, Mn, Zn and Cu of the plant shoots, were augmented by all treatments applied at the two periods of growth. On the other hand, all the assessed parameters of the plants grown on the alluvial soil excelled those on the calcareous one
Diazotrophic bacteria
Nutrients
clay soil
Calcareous soil
Zea mays
2016
12
30
683
699
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_3338_93c100d5822fe16acc0f0b222f5cf070.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
4
Contribution of Organic Amendments to Growth of Faba Bean and Maize Planted in Soil Exposed to Heavy Metals Pollution
ORGANIC materials, namely compost, biogas manure and …….. humic acid, were employed, individually, to improve growth of plants cultivated in a chemically polluted alluvial clay soil. A mixture of heavy metals, i.e. Zn+ Cu+ Pb intentionally introduced to the soil. Two rates of each of the organic and mineral substrates were examined, i.e. 0.5& 1.0%C for the organics and the permissible safe level of each mineral & duplicate that level, all besides the controls of such treatments. Faba bean (Vicia faba), as a winter legume, and maize (Zea mays), as a summer cereal, were used as test crops. Greenhouse pot experiments were carried out to achieve the purpose of the study. Traits of plant growth had been measured at two periods after planting, i.e. 45& 90 days for faba bean and 30& 60 days for maize.
The applied organic amendments proved to control the hazardous action of the heavy metals added to the soil. Elevating the dose of such treatments more efficiently handicapped the mobility of the heavy metals in soil medium to the favour of availability of nutrients and their plant absorption. This had been positively reflected on plant growth traits, namely plant height, dry mass and main macro-nutrient contents (N,P& K). Order among the organic substances used, as to diminish the passive action of used the heavy metals, was: humic acid> biogas manure> compost, at the first growth period, but compost and humic acid exchanged position later on. Faba bean relatively showed a lower susceptibility to the undesirable effect of the heavy metals than maize.
compost
biogas manure
Humic acid
Chemically contamination
bioremediation
Faba bean
Maize
2016
12
01
701
722
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_33246_394a782f7514ed2d7f28cfdab4d0718a.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
4
Validity of Light Transmittance to Predict Soil Hydraulic Conductivity in Salt-Affected Soils
CLAY dispersion and flocculation are very common processes in ……...salt-affected soils and have a direct impact on the movement of water and dissolved ions. This study was aimed to make use of light transmittance (% T) through soil suspension as a monitor and to reflect the intensity of dispersed clay particles as it relates to hydraulic conductivity (K), and percent of clay dispersion. To achieve this aim, two soils with varied clay contents, were collected from Beheira (S1) and Gharbia (S2) Governorates in north of Nile Delta, Egypt, and treated with sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) chlorides to obtain combinations of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and electrical conductivity (EC) treatments. Measurements of K and T might be affected by exchangeable cations and correlated negatively with SAR. Results showed that values of T were decreased continually (tendency to clay dispersion), that might be a good indicator for changes of K. Relations between T, K and SAR indicated high clay dispersion and low K as SAR increased. The empirical equations derived from both K and T measurements may introduce a new approach to predict K, taking into consideration the clay content, EC and SAR of the soils. Promising results were obtained when these equations were subjected to evaluation, using 15 various soil samples with high correlation coefficient of determined versus estimated K (R2 = 98 %). Calculation of dispersion (%) for SAR-EC treatments, using T and standard clay curve (% T versus clay content) showed that soil aggregates are not always stabilizing by an increase of sodium ions and it is not needed to reach complete clay dispersion to clog the conducting pores and loss of water permeability. Dispersion percent decreased within a given SAR as EC increased due to the adverse effect of salinity (tendency to accumulation) on sodicity.
Hydraulic Conductivity
Light transmittance
Sodium Adsorption Ratio
Soil salinity
2016
12
30
723
738
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_3339_706019ede59104d646acdbd3a4fc24fc.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
4
Sand Mineralogy as a Criterion for Soil Uniformity North West Wadi El-Natrun
Nabil
Bahnasawy
FIVE soil profiles were selected to represent the two major soil …….taxonomic subgroups (LCCM and LECN) NW Wadi El-Natrun. The sand subfraction (0.125-0.063mm) of those soils were reseparated into light and heavy minerals (opaques and non-opaques). The obtained results reveal that light minerals are mainly composed of quartz followed by low amounts of feldspars. Plagioclase and /or microcline predominates in both soils. Moreover, orthoclase is commonly the least abundant in the LCCM. Regarding heavy minerals, opaques are the predominant content is. In both soil subgroups, opaques are dominated by oxides followed by sulphides while hydroxides are the least. In the non-opaques, amphiboles exceed pyroxenes, Parametamorphic, ubibutous, epidotes minerals in a descending order in the LCCM while the converse is true in the LECN. The frequency and depthwise distributions of each identified mineral are presented for each profile and soil subgroups are interpreted in a trial to distinguish between those soil subgroups. Based on the ratios between heavy minerals and weathering ratios, the soil origin, genesis and formation are predicted and graphical triangular presentation for opaque and non-opaque minerals suggested the possible use of pyroboles, epidote, and parametamorphic relation for soils differentia.
Quartzpsamments
Torriorthents
Heavy and light minerals
opaques
non-opaques
Weathering ratios
2016
12
30
739
759
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_1522_d53eafddd537fd65797ae524a1b39138.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
4
Effect of Intelligent Irrigation Technique on Water Use Efficiency for Cucumber and Pepper Crops in New Salhia Area
ali
ali
T
HE INTELLIGENT irrigation technique is a valuable tool for scheduling irrigation and quantifying water required by plants to achieve water savings. Field experiments were carried out in New Salhia area, El- Sharqia Governorate, Egypt, at (30° 18` N: 31° 23` E. 27 m a.s.l) during the summer season of 2015.The main objectives were to investigate the effectiveness of the intelligent irrigation technique (IIT) (Hunter Pro-C (H)) which was irrigated automatically on water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) for irrigation scheduling of cucumber (Cucumis sativus Hayle) and pepper (Capsicum annuum) crops. The intelligent irrigation technique, (IIT) was implemented and tested under surface, (SDI) and sub-surface drip irrigation systems, (SSDI). The results obtained with these systems were consequently compared to that of the irrigation control technique (ICT), which was irrigated manually based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc) values. The results revealed that cucumber and pepper growth parameters except pH of juice were significantly increased by IIT under SSDI. In addition; IIT under SSDI conserved 34 and 24% of total applied irrigation water for cucumber and pepper respectively. Moreover, the results showed that the IIT under SSDI recorded significant increase 12 and 13% for marketable yield Ym of cucumber and pepper respectively. While, the results reported that the WUE values usingIIT under SSDI were significantly increased by about 30 to 33% for cucumber and pepper respectively. The results confirmed also that thevalues of IWUE at IIT under SSDI were significantly increased by about 49 to 39 % for cucumber and pepper respectively. The intelligent irrigation technique may provide a valuable tool for scheduling irrigation in cucumber and pepper farming and may be extendable for use in other similar agricultural crops. These results show that this IIT could be a flexible, practical tool for improving scheduled irrigation. Hence, this technique can therefore be recommended for efficient automated irrigation systems that produces higher yield and conserves large amounts of irrigation water.
Intelligent irrigation
water use efficiency
Cucumber
pepper
Drip irrigation
2016
12
30
761
773
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_1523_24a5227648af49ee965f7def4bc8063d.pdf