2024-03-19T11:20:36Z
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=460
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
2
Minimizing Temperature Fluctuations of Sandy Soil Under Different Climatic Conditions
SANDY soils, in the arid regions, usually suffer from extreme temperatures. Such high temperature fluctuations can be harmful for plant growth. This investigation aimed to: 1) detect soil thermal regime of Ismailia coarse texture soils; 2) study soil temperature fluctuations under different climatic conditions; 3) determine evaporation rate of soil water; 4) study the effect of some soil surface treatments on the 2nd and 3rd points. All the four aims were studied under both summer and winter conditions. The investigated soil surface treatments included transparent plastic mulch, rice straw mulch, application of bentonite, and the control. Obtained results revealed that, the thermal regime of Ismailia sandy soil was Hyperthermic. The response of soil temperature to air temperature fluctuation was more pronounced during winter compared to summer conditions. The highest soil temperature fluctuation was obtained under transparent plastic mulch and the lowest was obtained under rice straw mulch, during both summer and winter seasons. The highest soil temperature values recorded under plastic mulch can be harmful for plants during the summer, but may enhance plant growth during the winter. Both rice straw and plastic mulch reduce the water loss by evaporation from soil surface, as indicated from the evaporation rate. Bentonite incorporation with the soil surface layers had small effects on both soil temperature fluctuation and water evaporation rate. It is recommended to use straw mulch for moderating soil temperature fluctuations and reducing water loss by evaporation during summer and winter seasons.
Soil temperature fluctuation
Transparent plastic mulch
Straw mulch
Drying front
2016
06
30
187
208
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_2343_e70ab9645bb1d1b3232bb2b6c0a926df.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
2
Optimum Interaction between Soil Water Regime and Soil Warming for Convenient Plant Growth Conditions
ABSOLUTE increase in soil moisture and warming should not be considered as optimum environmental conditions for plant growth. Detection of optimum interaction between soil heat and moisture regime as successful practice for plant growth was the main objective of the present study. A field experiment was conducted in three unheated plastic greenhouses, in which black plastic sheet was used parallel to bare soil. Cucumber (Cucumis sativvs) was cultivated and irrigated with micro drip system to achieve three different moisture regimes: greenhouse no. 1 was always brought back to full soil field capacity, FC, while greenhouses no. 2 and 3 were brought back to two thirds and one third of soil FC, respectively. Sensors of digital thermocouple were used to measure soil temperature inserted in: 10, 20 and 30 cm soil depth associated with soil moisture contents. Statistical analysis indicated that, crop yield and some growth parameters were significantly affected by the different irrigation treatments. This finding was considered as basis for decision-making to detect the most appropriate interaction between irrigation and soil warming. The results showed that, the highest moisture contents were recorded at 20 cm depth under mulched soils compared to the upper and lower depths. Also, the lowest values of moisture fluctuation were found under all mulched soils compared to the bare, and were inversely related to both crop yield and growth parameters. High soil temperature (in the upper 20 cm soil layer) interacted with high moisture content was also proportional to crop yield, root depth and plant height in similar manner found with soil moisture fluctuation. Soil heat flux was increased under mulched soil and compared to heat storage, it can be a good indicator for soil warming, and temperature fluctuation, so, it somewhat agreed with moisture fluctuations. Based on observed moisture and soil temperature at different depths of bare soil treatments, it was expected that HYDRUISD-ID code could be used to predict the diurnal pattern of soil water dynamic. Regarding to suitable soil temperature for root growth, results showed that, optimum values were recorded in the uppermost 20 cm of mulched soil under greenhouses no. 1, 3 and associated with suitable plant growth.
Soil moisture fluctuation
Irrigation regime
Temperature fluctuation
2016
06
30
209
229
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_2347_09fc22cd39fb65255f9c7254e0c1d3b4.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
2
Geo-spatial Variability Assessment of Water Pollutants Concentration in Mariut Lake, Egypt
WATER pollution has become a growing threat to human society ……. and natural ecosystems in recent decades, increasing the need to better understand the spatial and temporal variabilities of pollutants within aquatic systems. MariutLake is one of the most heavily populated urban areas in Egypt and in the world. A total of 22 samples were collected and analyzed for determining the concentrations of chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in winter time 2014. Inverse distance weighting analyst tools were used to explore, analyze the spatial distribution and mapping of the heavy metal concentrations.
The results revealed that all of heavy metals concentrations matched with the allowable limits to be discharged in marine environment as prescribed in Egyptian law except of Ni metal which exceeded the allowable limits. The results illustrated that the highest concentration of Mn and Fe were distributed in the upper north eastern parts of the studied stations, this may be due to human’s activities and industrial area. While the eastern region has high concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cr and Co due to El-Kalaa drain discharges. However, the western part of the study area has high concentration of Zn and Cu due to El-Ommum drain discharges. The study concluded that the accurate spatial pattern of heavy metals could improve our understanding of possible sources, controlling factors and involving processes which are essential for monitoring and remediation of the contaminant sites in the lake.
heavy metal
Mariut Lake
Geo-Spatial
2016
06
30
231
248
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_2351_eaef848fb6e25e824387ed1aa6f9adfc.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
2
Efficiency of K-sulphate and K-feldspar Combined with Silicate Dissolving Bacteria on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Maize Plants
A
FIELD experiment was carried out in 2014 growing season in Hehia, El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt to asses application of 95 kg K ha-1 applied to maize (Zea mays) as potassium sulphate (KS) or potassium feldspar (KS) combined with potassium dissolving bacteria (i.e., silicate dissolving bacteria "SDB", Bacillus circullans) individually or in different combination ratios. 50% KS + 50% KF gave the highest values of height of maize plants, leaf area, ear length, ear diameter, ears yield, stover and grains dry weight, NPK-uptake, protein content and biological yield. The treatments of 25% KS + 75% KF and control gave the lowest among the treatments receiving K. The application of 50% KS + 50% KF gave increases in stover and grains dry weight which ranged from 40 – 51 % and 87 – 118 %, respectively. The treatment of (K3) at 45, 90 and 180 days gave the highest value of soil available potassium (295, 375 and 247 mg kg-1, respectively), while the lowest ones (63, 58 and 51 mg kg-1 , respectively) were found with untreated soil.
potassium sulphate
Potassium feldspar
nutrient uptake
Maize
Bacillus circullans
2016
06
30
249
259
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_2364_7b71bbdca0bc5047ae8c4f922a9b1f06.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
2
The Effects of The Conjunctive Use of Compost Tea and Inorganic Fertilizers on Radish (Raphanus sativus) Nutrient Uptake and Soil Microorganisms
APPLICATION of organic amendments to soil is an important …….management strategy for enhancing soil fertility and microorganisms. A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to investigate the effect of compost and compost tea(CT), mineral fertilization only complete (N100) and half (N50) recommended doses of nitrogen or combined with two kinds of compost tea (according to extract methods) molasses compost tea (CT1) and molasses compost tea+ ammonium sulphate (CT2) with three application ratios (v:v) (1:25, 1:50 and 1:75 ) on NPK uptake of leaf and root of radish (Raphanus sativus), soil nutrient status after harvest, and soil microbial populations. Application of CT1 showed that N uptake of radish leaf was about 30.1% higher than that of CT2. CT1 compost tea also increased P and K uptake by 12.6 and 51.5%, respectively, compared with CT2 application. At the end of experiment, soil N, P and K contents were greater in compost amended soil,whereas N uptake of radish leafand root showed only a significant positive correlation with soil N content in the CT2 + N treatments. The populations of the different microorganisms were greater in CT treatment, and increased with time as well. However, it was found that there was a significant negative correlation between leaf and root N uptake of radish and population of anaerobic N2 fixing bacteria in soil after harvest.
compost
compost extract
Radish growth
nutrient uptake
soil microorganisms
2016
06
30
261
280
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_2369_8e90f71f4982cc3c66da0f7bc9c62473.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
2
The Combined Effect of Urea and Organic Acid on Some Soil Properties, Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Wheat Crop
FIELD experiment was carried out during two successive seasons (2012-2013 and 2013-2014) to study the effect of organic acids and N-mineral fertilizers as well as their combination, on some soil properties, yield and nutrient uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. In this study, eight treatments were used as follows: T1) Control (without addition); T2) 75 Kg N fed.-1; T3) 75 Kg N fed.-1 coated with humic acid; T4) 75 Kg N fed.-1 coated with fulvic acid; T5) 75 Kg N fed.-1 + 4 liter humic acid as a soil addition ; T6) 75 Kg N fed.-1 + 4 liter fulvic acid as a soil addition; T7) 75 Kg N fed.-1 + 4 liter humic acid as a foliar application and T8) 75Kg N fed.-1 + 4 liter fulvic acid as a foliar application. Results indicated that the soil organic matter (OM) and available N, P and K increased with the combined application of mineral N with organic acid over application of mineral N alone. The soil pH value decreased with organic acids applied as a soil addition compared with a foliar addition. The higher values of N uptake by grain yield and protein were 71.76 and 409.05 kg fed-1 in T3, respectively. The value of nitrogen used efficiency (NUE) ranged from 31.68 to 41.85 during the two seasons. The application of organic acid combined with N-mineral fertilizers gave better results in increasing the yield of wheat especially when nitrogen fertilizers coating with humic acid. Application of organic acid to the soil increased the yield by 2.56% and 10.21% in the first and second season, respectively as compare to urea alone. Based on the results of the current study, the combinations of N-mineral and organic acids can be considered as an integrated nutrient management to improve the soil fertility and wheat yield.
organic acid
Humic acid
Fulvic acid
coating
foliar
Wheat
2016
06
30
281
294
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_2370_e89b372ffc1702561f30987b0441dd55.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
2
Water Use Efficiency of Soybean under Different Tillage and Irrigation Methods
A FIELD study was carried out during two growing seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 at the Water Requirements Research Station, Water Management Research Institute, Kafer El-Sheikh Governorate to compare two irrigation methods, surge (SI) and alternate (AI) with traditional furrow irrigation method (FI) in relation to two tillage systems, conventional (CT) and no-tillage (NT) on water use efficiency and crop yield production of soybean. In both seasons, the lowest amount of irrigation water was applied with AI treatments, whereas, the highest amount of irrigation water was applied with FI treatments. The irrigation water amounts were saved by using AI and SI methods. The AI and SI saved about 29.0 % and 15.0 % of water applied in comparison with FI under CT and NT systems. Irrigation water productivity (IWP) and crop water use efficiency (CWUE) were higher when applying AI compared to SI and FI under both tillage systems. Surge irrigation had the potential to improve irrigation application efficiency (AE) followed by AI compared to FI. The highest seed yield and yield attributes were obtained with FI followed by SI and AI in both seasons, respectively. Significant differences in seed yield, yield attributes and plant growth characteristics were found only between FI and AI under CT and NT. The SI surpasses the AI in obtaining higher seed yield, yield attributes without any significant reduction of soybean yield. These results suggesting that an extra irrigation water amount may be saved without any significant loss in yield of soybean when applying SI method under both tillage systems. The results also showed the effect of CT on reducing applied water and increasing irrigation water productivity and crop water consumptive use compared to NT. However, no significant difference between the two tillage systems in yield and yield attributes was found. Values of ETc should be adjusted according to the used irrigation and tillage methods. The crop water stress index (CWSI) has proven to be a good indicator for monitoring and quantifying water stress of soybean with different irrigation methods and tillage systems.
Surge irrigation
Alternative irrigation
Furrow irrigation
Conventional tillage
No- tillage
water productivity
Crop water use efficiency
yield
Yield attribut ETc
Soybean
2016
06
30
295
312
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_2371_c1a6d6b3aa29867104b582cd103bc206.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
2
Bean Yield and Soil Parameters as Response to Application of Biogas Residues and Ammonium Nitrate under Different Water Requirements
Mostafa
Abd-Eladl
Sara
Fouda
Nesreen
Abou-Baker
ِِِANAEROBIC digestion is a useful way to treat organic waste matter, resulting in biogas and residue. Two field experiments were carried out for a sandy loam soil under drip irrigation system using faba bean (Vicia faba L.) during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons at Ismailia Governorate to evaluate the effect of biogas residue (BR) and inorganic fertilizer as ammonium nitrate (AN) individually or in combination with different rates of each other fertilizers and irrigation levels on faba bean production, nutrients uptake and soil fertility after two season of cultivation. The experiment includes two factors; 1st one was N-application with 6 treatments as follows: (1) 100% of N rate as BR, (2) 100% as AN, (3) 75% BR+25% AN, (4) 50% BR + 50 % AN, (5) 25% BR + 75% AN and (6) non-treated (control). The second factor was irrigation levels as follows: 100% from water requirement (WR) and 75% of WR. Main effects of fertilization showed that, the highest plant dry weight, 100- seed weight, seed yield were obtained with 100% of BR followed by 25% AN + 75% BR and lowest plant dry weight was found with unfertilized treatment in both seasons. Similar trend occurred with available N, P and K remaining in soil at harvest. Significant positive correlation was found between soil available N, P and K contents and seed N, P and K. Application of biogas residues is of great benefit to plant and increases soil fertility.
Biogas residues
Water requirement
Faba bean
yield
Macronutrients availability
Soil fertility
2016
06
30
313
326
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_603_166c7af54594f53d1dfbabe4201fed63.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
2
Effect of Irrigation Regime and Natural Soil Conditioner on Crop Productivity in Sandy Soil
A FIELD experiment was conducted in sandy soil in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, during two successive winter and summer seasons cultivated with lupine and sesame, respectively. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different water regimes (i.e., 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 accumulative pan evaporation) and applied different rates (3, 4.5, and 6 ton fed-1) of bentonite as mineral soil conditioner on crop productivity of both lupine and sesame crops under drip irrigation system. Total content of mineral nutrients of both tested plants were taken in consideration. [e1] Results indicated that, the highest actual evapotranspiration (ETa) was recorded under 1.2 accumulative pan evaporation treatment, for both lupine and sesame cropping system, while the lowest one was recorded under 0.8 accumulative pan evaporation. Also, applied 6.0 ton fed-1 bentonite was recorded lowest values of ETa in both seasons, whereas the highest value was obtained under zero ton fed-1 bentonite for the same respective crops. In addition, under Ismailia condition it could be concluded that pan evaporation and Hargreaves equations are more suitable to use for scheduling irrigation for lupine and sesame crops compared with the other equations. [e2] On the other hand, lupine and sesame yields (straw and grain/or seeds) along with total content of macronutrients (N, P and K) increased significantly under the irrigation treatment of 1.2 accumulative pan evaporation in present of 6.0 ton fed-1 bentonite mineral soil conditioner as compared to other treatments.
sandy soil
Irrigation regime
Accumulative pan evaporation
soil conditioner
Bentonite
Lupine
sesame
2016
06
30
327
350
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_860_0132ebf8d62144d5bf09ce801c352c80.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
Egypt.J. Soil Sci.
0302-6701
0302-6701
2016
56
2
Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea l.) Response to Different Levels of Irrigation Stress and Sythsitic Soil Amendemen
E. M.
Aly
Wafaa
El-etr
Gehan
Youssef
A FIELD experiment with three replications was conducted on drip ……irrigated sandy soil during two successive summer seasons (2013 and 2014) at Agricultural Research Station farm in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Peanut was cultivated as an indicator crop to evaluate the effect of irrigation stress and different rates of hydrogel polyvinylalcohol (PVA) as a soil amendment on peanut crop yield and macronutrients total contents along with some plant water relationships. The main plot was three irrigation treatments, i.e. 25%, 50% and 75% of the available soil moisture (ASMD) as well as the sub main plots were four rates of poly vinylalcohol (PVA) soil amendment (zero %, 0.05% , 0.1% and 0.2%) were added before the soil tillage. Data indicated that water consumptive use increased as soil moisture depleted decreased. The lowest water consumptive use 692.72 mm and 700.76 mm at the first and second season, respectively were obtained under dry conditions (severe soil moisture stress, irrigated at 75% ASMD). Whereas, the highest values of water use 1293 mm and 1318 mm at the first and second season, respectively were attained under soil moisture level (irrigation when 25% of ASMD is depleted). Also, the lowest and highest averages values of actual evapotranspiration were recorded by adding 0.2 and zero% of PVA, respectively. In addition, it could be used FAO modified Blaney-Criddle method for calculation of seasonal peanut crop ETc in Ismailia condition, because the results obtained by this method are close to results obtained when irrigation achieved at 50% ASMD. Moreover, peanut yield (straw and seeds) along with total content of macronutrients (N, P and K) increased significantly under the irrigation treatment of 25% ASMD in presence of 0.20% PVA soil amendment comparing with other treatments. Finally, results showed that water use efficiency (WUE) was significant in both seasons. The values of WUE could be increased either by increasing crop yield or decreasing evapotranspiration. The highest values of WUE were gained using irrigation level of 50% ASMD irrigation treatment followed by 25 and 75% ASMD and the differences were significant. The relationship between water use efficiency (WUE) and seeds yield along with concentration of PVA was significantly positive linear correlation in successive two cultivated seasons.
sandy soil
Irrigation
Available soil moisture depleted
soil amendment
Peanut
water use efficiency
2016
06
30
351
371
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_473_8a829230dcd5c011d774917e85b10964.pdf