ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Characterization Changes of Heavy Metals Contents and Fractions in Sewage Sludge from Sirt Wastewater Treatment Plant, Libya
MONITORING changes of the main chemical properties ofsewage sludge from Sirt Wastewater Treatment Plant, Libya wasinvestigated. Ten random sewage sludge samples were monthlycollected for a time span of one year. Average year values of TDS, pH,organic matter and C/N recorded 1428.91 mg kg-1, 6.90, 76.3% and7.97, respectively. Total N, P and K contents were in the normal range(5.63, 1.41 and0.019%, respectively). The total concentrations of Fe,Zn and Mn recorded high levels (2768, 1142 and 169 mg kg-1,respectively). Low and more fluctuated total concentrations of Cu, Pband Ni were recorded (107, 45 and 35 mg kg-1, respectively). Ingeneral, the total concentrations of heavy metals were found to be farbelow the US-EPA ceiling limits except Cd and As which hadconcentrations at or very close to their ceiling limits. The BCRsequential extraction scheme was applied to investigate thefractionation of heavy metals in the sludge. More than 50% of total As,Pb, Fe, Mn and P were found in the fourth residual stable fractionwhile the other heavy metals were mostly released in the first threemore mobile fractions (soluble-exchangeable, reduceable andoxidizable) of the applied fractionation scheme. Special cautionsshould be considered when using this sludge safely in agricultureconcerning the calculation of the loadings of heavy metals and theirmobility in soils.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_117_4adf956ebde01affcb71f17b16a343fa.pdf
2014-09-30
195
208
10.21608/ejss.2014.117
Heavy metals
Sewage Sludge
Sirt wastewater treatment
plant
Libya
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of some Agricultural Expansion Areas in the Eastern Desert of Egypt using GIS
LAND evaluation for agricultural planning in Asyut, Sohaag and…… Qena governors was carried out based on soil survey data usingremote sensing and geographical information system (GIS).Evaluation of land suitability is one of the most effective methods forproper agricultural land use planning, as it evaluates the suitability ofland for a specific crop. The aim of this study is to use GIS andAutomated Land Evaluation System (ALES) to assess land capabilityand crop suitability for various soils and biophysical conditions. Thepresent study was undertaken to demonstrate the usefulness of GIStechnologies coupled with soil data to assess crop suitability toachieve sustainable cropping systems in the studied area. As input,the model requires soil data, and for an assessment of the study area, atotal of 40 representative soil profiles was used to collect soil samples.The capability evaluation gives four capability orders for agriculturaland reclamation land capability (i.e., C1, good, C2, moderate, C3, weakand N, marginal), Moreover, the evaluation model gives four limitingfactors suborders,which are topography (t), soils (l) erosion risks (r)and bioclimatic deficiency (b).The suitability of selected field crops indicated that wheat ishighly to moderately suitable in different developmental areas. Onthe other hand, cotton is high to permanent not suitable for differentdevelopment areas. Suitability of maize is similar to the cotton crop.Selected vegetable crops, potato range from moderately high topermanent not suitable. Tomatoes are high to permanent not suitable.Land suitability of selected fruits, citrus is mainly permanent notsuitable for cultivation in different development areas. On the otherhand, the date palm and olive trees range from high to permanent notsuitable.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_120_b4d5ce1bc80ba958698f4555e5dc1ded.pdf
2014-09-30
209
227
10.21608/ejss.2014.120
Agriculture expansion areas
GIS
Land evaluation
ALES
program
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Anti-microbial and Anti-oxidant Agents in Mushroom Fruit Bodies
OTENTIAL drugs from mushrooms are useful for mankind. The…. scientific basis for their traditional medicinal uses, the antimicrobialactivities of the crude polysaccharide extract from themushroom Pleurotus ostreatus were investigated. In this study,ethanol and methanol were tested for extraction of mushroom fruitbodies. Ethanolic and methanolic extracts of fungal fruit bodiesshowed somewhat low antagonism towards Staphylococcus aureusand Salmonella typhi. No anti-biosis due to either ethanolic ormethanolic extracts was detected against Enterobacter faecalis orLactobacillus bulgaricus. The fungal members Aspergillus flavus andCandida albicans, as well, did successfully withstand the existence ofthree extracts with no apparent inhibition. Total phenols and ascorbicacid contents as antioxidant components in the mushrooms fruitbodies were also detected.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_121_db7cefae75d385b4983d5a76f3c1958d.pdf
2014-09-30
229
230
10.21608/ejss.2014.121
mushroom
Anti-biosis
anti-oxidants
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Time Course Study and Competition between Rhizobia-Affecting Nodulation in Two Soybean Genotypes
greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the timecourse of nodulation and completion between strains USDA 123and CB 1809 on Williams soybean and on P1 377578 (#671). This P1has been shown to restrict nodulation and competition of USDA 123.The study was performed using vermiculite and fine sandy loam soilas growth media. Nodulation and competition in both medium wereevaluated at 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks. Three additional treatmentsincluded delayed inoculation of CB 1809 at 1, 2 and 4 weeks afterinoculation the soil with USDA 123 were also performed. Averagedover the dates, strain USDA 123 produced 35 and 37%, respectivelyof the nodule mass and number on P1 377578 as compared toCB1809. In competition for nodulation in vermiculite, USDA 123formed 43, 80, 62 and 64% of the nodules on Williams at 4, 6, 8 and10 weeks, respectively, while only formed 0, 16, 9 and 16 % of thenodule on P1 # 671. In soil, USDA 123 formed 95% or more of thenodule on Williams through 10 weeks, while it formed 29% or less ofthe nodules on P1 # 671. In the delayed inoculation treatments amaximum of 14% of the nodules on Williams were formed by CB1809, whereas on P1 # 671 a ratio of 89% or more were colonized bythe same strain. The marked influence of the host on competition andaffinity to nodulate with certain strain is demonstrated in this study.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_124_6dc94b0d6411a4e6f2986fcbf9d1699b.pdf
2014-09-30
237
247
10.21608/ejss.2014.124
Soybean
Time course
Host`s mechanism
Competition.
The first
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of NP Fertilizers on Growth and Biochemical Content of Sorghum Grown in Calcareous Soil
EFFECTS of NP fertilizer levels on growth and biochemical content of sorghum fodder grown in calcareous soil was investigated in two successive seasons from 2010 to 2011. This study was carried out at Maryout Research Station-Desert Research Center, between longitude 29°47′ and 11°18′ E and latitudes 31°00′ and 15°18′ N. Levels of NP Fertilizer applications were 0, 80, 100, 120 kg N/fed and 0, 20, 30 and 40 kg P2O5/fed. Nitrogen was given as three split applications, whereas P was mixed with organic manure and supplied as a single application. The control treatment was the existing nutrient application of just of manure and potassium, given as a single application. However, organic fertilizer was added to all treatments at rate 10 m3 and also potassium at rate 50 Kg KO5/fed. The results indicated that the application of the larger amounts of N and P had a significant effect (P<0.01) plant higher, the number of leaves, stem diameter, fodder and dry matter yields. In addition, this treatment increased the mineral content of soil and plant with a reduced of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) for fodder sorghum.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_133_87a31e69a6dc3d45bb3a1fe8d1785e42.pdf
2014-09-30
249
264
10.21608/ejss.2014.133
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influence of Water Deficit on Seed Yield and Seed Quality of Faba bean under Saline Soil Conditions at North Sinai, Egypt
IMPACTS of climate change on crop yield losses and increasing in water demand show that Egypt is vulnerable to climate change because of it’s depending on the Nile River basically. The greatchallenge of enhancing the agriculture is increasing the water use efficiency. A field trial was designed in Complete Randomize Block Design and carried out in Saline Soil at Sahl El-Tina (North Sinia) during the two winter seasons 2011/2012 and 2012/ 2013, to study the response of faba bean yield and seed quality to differential water regimes. The experiment included three water irrigation schedules 3600, 6000 and 7200 m3/ha from El-Salam Canal and two varieties of faba bean (Nobaria-1 and Sakha-3). The results indicate the decline in soil salinity values with increasing the water supply regimes. Applying the water regime 7200 m3/ha results in decreasing the soil salinity with 30% compared to the water regime 3600 m3/ha in both seasons. Nevertheless, the results show that weight of seeds/plant (g) and plant height (cm) decreased with reducing of the water supply. Seed quality, high protein, carbohydrate percent, radical length and seedling dry weight were accompanying with low water application (3600 m3/ha). Water use efficiency was convenient with lower water supplies. Using the water regime of 6000 m3/ha with Sakha-3 under saline soil conditions was more efficient according to the concept of water saving, water use efficiency, seed quality and yield.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_134_0ae4c14e1d32db10f49d8dd548ad4592.pdf
2014-09-30
265
278
10.21608/ejss.2014.134
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Soybean Response to Mn Added in EDTA- or CDTA-Buffered Nutrient Solution
ADDITION of chelating agents can increase Mn2+ activity (pMn2+).
in soil solution and thus increase Mn uptake and plant growth. This
study aimed at evaluating soybean growth and Mn2+ uptake in
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), or trans- 1,2-diamineciclohexane-
tetracetic acid (CDTA) buffered nutrient solution. Varied
levels (0.1, 0.32, 1.00, 3.16, 10.0 and 32.0 μM) of Mn, while constant
concentrations of all other micronutrients, in combination with EDTA, or
CDTA were imposed to soybean (Glycine max L.Merr.) in solutions with
pH 6.0.
Plant dry matter (DM) increased with increasing activity, not the total
concentration of Mn and was highest at pMn2+ 8.0-8.1 in EDTA- and
CDTA-buffered solutions. With pMn2+ >8.0, plant leaves accumulated
higher Mn2+, but 80-87 mg Mn2+ kg-1 DM seemed sufficient for optimum
plant growth. With pMn2+ < 8.0, the concentration remained at the
optimum level in the CDTA-buffered solution, whereas in the EDTAbuffered
solution leaf Mn2+ concentration was in the range 193-241 mg
Mn2+ kg-1 DM. At pMn2+ < 8.0, leaf Ca2+ and Mg2+ were higher with
MnCDTA than with MnEDTA. Leaf Fe3+ concentration remained
constant and did not significantly change in response to Mn availability.
Fe: Mn ratio decreased with increasing Mn availability in the EDTA and
CDTA solutions.
CDTA-buffered solution offers a strong control of plant uptake of
Mn2+ due to its strong control of the free concentrations of Mn2+, Ca2+
and Mg2+ under conditions of limited Mn availability.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_135_d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e.pdf
2014-09-30
279
288
10.21608/ejss.2014.135