ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Indirect Impacts of Irrigation with Low-Quality Water on The Environmental Safety
Using low quality water for irrigation is probably one of the main reasons for contaminating the arable lands with potentially toxic elements (PTEs), especially within the arid and semiarid regions. On the other hand, most farmers depend therein on natural inefficient drainage systems to get rid of excess water flows. It was thought that the hydraulic continuities exist, totally or partially, among (a) the underground waters of the arable lands that receive low quality water for irrigation, (b) the underground waters of the nearby lands that use fresh Nile water for irrigation and (c) the sources of fresh water themselves.Therefore, the following assumptions were considered because of their potentially high ecological implications: H1: soil leakage of low quality irrigation water might have negative consequences on the quality of fresh water itself that is used for irrigating the nearby arable lands. H2: concentrations of PTEs in irrigation water are probably the main factors controlling their corresponding available and total concentrations in soil. H3: concentrations of PTEs within the edible parts of plants grown on the nearby areas irrigated with fresh water are relatively high and may be considered not suitable for consumption.To investigate the above-mentioned hypotheses, irrigation water (fresh Nile, underground and wastewaters), soil and plant samples were collected from three different governorates i.e. New Salhia (El -Sharqia), ElSaff (Giza) and Meet Kenana (Qualubia). One site from each governorate was selected to represent the arable lands that use fresh Nile water for irrigation while the other sites were irrigated with either the underground water or wastewater solely. Quality of the fresh (Nile) irrigation water used in the studied locations was estimated as class II on the basis of its salinity hazards. The other water samples were estimated to be,according to the same basis, as of potentially high or very high salinity hazards. In case of water sodicity, SAR values did not exceed “13” in nearly most water samples. The BOD and COD values exceeded the acceptable levels (even in the Nile fresh water). Moreover, the measured values in fresh water seemed to be comparable, to some extent, with the corresponding ones estimated for either the underground or wastewaters; accordingly, we accept H1. Concentrations of the PTEs i.e. Pb, Co and Cd in all the collected water samples, generally, did not exceed the maximum permissible levels (MPLs). However, Ni was the only one among the studied PTEs whose concentration exceeded the MPL only in the underground water of New Salhia during the summer season. It is worthy to mention that AB-DTPA extractable PTEs were correlated significantly with PTEs concentrations in irrigation water. Also, AB-DTPA extractable PTEs were correlated significantly with their total contents in soil; hence, we partially accept the second hypothesis i.e. H2 Furthermore; concentrations of PTEs in the edible parts of plants irrigated with fresh Nile water exceeded their permissible levels and therefore, we partially admit H3since using low quality water for irrigation showed potential hazards on the food quality obtained from the nearby arable lands irrigated with fresh water.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_52132_64fb2b12c00611d37247af42bc10094a.pdf
2020-02-01
1
15
10.21608/ejss.2019.15434.1294
potentially toxic elements
low quality water
Irrigation
ground water
Wastewater
environmental safety
Ihab
Farid
ihabfarid2005@yahoo.com
1
Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Abbas
mohamed.abbas@fagr.bu.edu.eg
2
Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
Bassouny
bassouny_ma86@yahoo.com
3
Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Amany
Gameel
mahmoud_arafah2000@yahoo.com
4
Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hassan
Abbas
hharsalem@yahoo.com
5
Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Potassium Fertilization on Grain Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Sweet Sorghum Cultivated under Water Stress in Calcareous Soil
Drought stress, which is the most serious environmental factor reduces crop productions, might be balanced by some free living and symbiotic soil microorganisms. The physiological response of sweet sorghum plants to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and three potassium fertilizer levels (75, 100 and 125% of recommended rate) was evaluated under three different irrigation intervals (8, 12, and 16 days). A factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in sandy loam calcareous soil at the El-Nubaria region. The results evidenced that water deficit stress inhibited the growth, biomass of vegetative and reproductive parts, and grain and sugar yield. In all inoculated and uninoculated plants, decreased 1000 grains weight, stalk, grain, biomass, dry matter and sugar yields with increasing irrigation intervals. At the same time, inoculation of sweet sorghum with mycorrhiza resulted in a significant increase in the root colonization, number of mycorrhizal spores, alkali phosphatase, the biomass and sugar yield. Also, increase significantly the content of N, P and K nutrients in plant tissue underwater deficit in calcareous soils compared with non-inoculated plants. Potassium fertilizer in combination with mycorrhizal inoculant on all measured traits could make the plants more tolerant to water stress higher than non-mycorrhizal treatments. In general, the results of this study presented that the sweet sorghum plants inoculated with mycorrhiza and 115 kg K2O ha-1 of potassium sulphate fertilizer improved water stress tolerance, increased the sweet sorghum biomass and sugar yield under water deficit stress in comparison to uninoculated plants.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_57239_049ec50b9b8f030629a89d88fe71a1cd.pdf
2020-02-01
17
29
10.21608/ejss.2019.17512.1312
Sweet sorghum
Mycorrhiza
Water deficit
potassium
sugar
Noha
Abdelhameid
nmousa5@gmail.com
1
Soil Fertility and microbiology Dept., Desert Research Center (DRC), Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Spent Mushroom Substrate Extract as a Biofertilizer for Growth Improvement of Rice (Oryza sativa L,)
Mushroom farms started to widely establish in Egypt to partially replace animal protein. The type Pleurotus ostreatus is common in small farms because low cost of production. Residues of mushroom cultivation contain highly nutritive compounds resulted from metabolic activity of the fungus. In this work, the extract of spent pleurotus mushroom was used as organic fertilizer to enhance rice growth and productivity. The chemical analysis of spent extract (SE) verified that it contain considerable amount of reducing sugars, phenolic compounds and other macro and micro elements. Tow laboratory experiments were designed to study the effect of SE on soil micro biota and cyanobacteria. A field experiment continued for two successive seasons 2018 and 2019 was conducted where rice grains were soaked in SE then SE was applied by three methods, spraying on rice shoot system, soil drench and combined spraying plus soil drench. Results indicated that, SE improved soil microbial activity represented by total bacterial, fungal count and dehydrogenase activity in addition to soil respiration. Results of field trial indicated that the effect of soaking treatment was significant in spike length, number of full and empty seeds, grain and straw yield and nitrogen percent in grains,while the most effective treatment was the combination between sprayieng and soil amendement where the yield of grains and straw were clearly enhanced in addition to other yield characters.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_61090_79427f5c3d89c5218b0d26f5143ad3a4.pdf
2020-02-01
31
42
10.21608/ejss.2019.18835.1320
Pleurotus
rice
Spent mushroom
Spray
Tamer
Elsakhawy
drelsakhawyg@gmail.com
1
LEAD_AUTHOR
Wael
Abd El-Rahem
tawfikwael19@gmail.com
2
Rice Research and Training Center, Field Crops Research Institute (SWERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Sakha, Kfr Elshikh, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Sweet Corn Growth Performance and Rhizosphere Microbial Densities in Response to Mineral and Organic Amendments
Two field experiments were conducted at the experimental farm of the Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt, during 2017 and 2018 seasons, to evaluate the effects of compost and organic extracts on growth and yield of sweet corn (Misthi F1 Hybrid) and microbial populations in rhizosphere. Extracts of compost, vermicompost and chicken manure with adding half dose of compost were compared to full dose of compost and mineral fertilizers. The populations of total bacteria, fungi and phosphate solublizing bacteria were estimated. Results showed that applying half dose of compost with adding vermicompost (50% C + VEx) extract gave the highest growth, yield and ear properties of sweet corn without any significant differences compared to mineral fertilizer treatment. Applying half dose of compost with adding extract of compost or chicken manure decreased growth, yield and ear properties of sweet corn compared to mineral fertilizer. 50% C + ChEx recorded the highest total bacterial counts. The treatments of half dose of compost with adding any organic extracts were superior to full dose of compost (100% C) in all studied traits. This study revealed the possibility of using half dose of compost with adding vermicompost extract for producing satisfactory yield quantity with high quality of sweet corn ears.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_63265_043247b5ec3df7ad6dab4592c3f8a609.pdf
2020-02-01
43
52
10.21608/ejss.2019.19528.1324
Sweet corn
compost extract
Vermicompost extract
Manure extracts
microbial populations
Mohamed
Emam
saad0777@yahoo.com
1
Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Tarek
Elsayed
tarek.ragab@agr.cu.edu.eg
2
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Lamy
Mamdoh Mohamed HAMED
lamy.hamed@agr.cu.edu.eg
3
Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Studying Some Characteristics of Sandy Soil Amended by Water Hyacinth, Bean straw, and Compost
Two field experiments were carried at the Ismailia agricultural research station during the summer seasons of 2018 and 2019 to study some characteristics of sandy soil treated by three types of additives and cultivated by maize. Additives mixed with soil were the dried water hyacinth, straw of faba bean and compost each is loaded by 25, 50, and 100% of the recommended dose of nitrogen N and phosphorous P mineral fertilizers. Different treatments including control were distributed in a complete randomized block design with three replicates. Water holding capacity (%), field capacity (%), electrical conductivity (dSm-1), bulk density (g cm-3), cation exchange capacity (cmolc kg-1) and organic matter (%) content of soil before cultivation and after harvesting were estimated. Maize yield (kg ha-1) and some yield components were also calculated for different treatments. Results indicated that after harvesting, water-holding capacity (%) increased significantly by 20% using dried water hyacinth, non-significantly by 10 and 5% using bean straw and compost, respectively, compared to control at 100% NP application rate. Field capacity increased by 37.5% using dried water hyacinth and bean straw and by 12.5% using compost compared to the control. Non-significant change was observed in soil EC (dSm-1) neither before planting nor after harvesting. The application rate 100% NP showed the least bulk density values significantly decreased by 7.78% for compost, 4.44% for dried water hyacinth, and by 2.78% for bean straw compared to the control. At application rates 50 and 100% NP, compost treatments provided the maximum available P and K in soil followed by dried water hyacinth then bean straw. At application rate 100% NP, yield of maize dry matter (kg ha-1) significantly increased by 120.34, 116.96, 27.44% for dried water hyacinth, bean straw, compost, respectively. Seed yield (kg ha-1) increased significantly by 136.3, 135.85, and 33.63% for bean straw, dried water hyacinth, and compost, respectively.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_67191_0d7287d0564296db8ce8bd88bc060176.pdf
2020-02-01
53
65
10.21608/ejss.2019.18969.1322
Amendments
Bean straw
compost
Maize
sandy soil
Water hyacinth
Mohamed
S. Mohamed
rtalat2012@yahoo.com
1
Soils, Water & Environment Res. Inst., Agricultural Res. Center, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Rama
Talat Rashad
rtalat2005@yahoo.com
2
Soils, Water & Environment Research Institute - Agricultural Research Centre
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influence of Sulphur Compost Application on Some Chemical Properties of Calcareous Soil and Consequent Responses of Hordeum Vulgare L. Plants
Amelioration of calcareous soil is essential to increase crop production and preserve the ecological environment in arid and semiarid regions. A pot experiment was carried out at the greenhouse of Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt to evaluate the efficiency of amending a calcareous soil with two type of sulphur compost for improving soil properties and its content of available macro-and micro-nutrients and growth of barley plants. Two types of sulphur compost were produced, the first one from adding S to compost during composting (DS) process and the other from mixing S with non-sulfurized compost after composting (AS). The additional S rates for both two types of compost were 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 %. Before planting, each one of sulphur compost was applied at rats of 0.0, 10.0 and 20.0 g kg-1 and mixed well with the soil. After 70 days of planting the plants were harvested. Dry matter yield of the harvested and its content of nutrients were determined. Also, soil sample was taken and analyzed for some chemical properties and its content of available nutrients. The Data showed that, in compared with control, both two types of applied sulphur compost had a positive effect on the studied soil properties and the growth parameters of cultivated plants. A decrease in calcareous soil pH, EC and the content of CaCO3 was observed, however an increase in soil CEC, OM and available macro-and micronutrients as a result of sulphur compost applications was induced. Sulphur compost applications were associated by an increase in plant dry matter yield and its content of macro- and micronutrients. So, the ameliorative influence of sulphur compost especially that carried out during composting period on chemical properties and productivity of calcareous soil was clearly occurred.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_67214_f237a7bf8a4c37f5f84e053610b7f354.pdf
2020-02-01
67
82
10.21608/ejss.2019.18503.1318
Calcareous soil
Sulphur compost
Nutrients availability
Nutrients uptake and Barley plant
Elhusieny
Abou Hussien
elhusieny_abouhussien@yahoo.com
1
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
AUTHOR
Wael
Nada
wael_nada22@yahoo.com
2
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
Elgezery
elgezery_mohamedkhaled@yahoo.com
3
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Potential Effect of Irrigation Intervals and Potassium Phthalate on Fennel Plants Grown in Semi-Arid Regions
Increasing competition on water resources between the agriculture sector and other sectors requires new irrigation regimes to perform relevant levels of production in semi-arid regions. Field experiment was conducted during two successive seasons at the Experimental Farm of EL-Quassassin, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. This experiment was prepared to assess the effects of different irrigation intervals, potassium phthalate and their combinations on the growth, number of umbels, fruit yield,water use efficiency, and volatile oil production of fennel plant during two successive winter seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, respectively. Three irrigation treatments, main factor, as follow: I1(every three days, which is the common in this regionwith 1150 m3/ha), I2 (every five dayswith 766 m3/ha), and I3 (every seven dayswith 383 m3/ha), and the potassium phthalate as subsidiary factor (0, 400,500, and 600 ppm) were applied. The results showed that, the highest vegetative growth parameters were related to the potassium phthalate at the rate of 600 ppmand irrigation intervals 3 days.The highest values of fruit yield, as well asthe volatile oil production were significantly affected by the potassium phthalate and irrigation frequency in both seasons. Nevertheless, the concentrations of the macro and micro-nutrients in fruits revealed an increasing trend with increasing the irrigation intervals.In addition, the lower the amount of water use, the higher the water use efficiency.The results of GLC analysis of fennel volatile oil indicated that methyl chavicol as the main component varied between (63.02 and 80.82%). The treatment of potassium phthalate at 600 ppm with irrigation every 3days resulted in the lowest methyl chavicol percentage.Thus, the proper irrigation interval increases the plant water stress tolerance by increasing the water use efficiency and the nutrient concentrations of yield.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_60473_6c020905ad6f622cffcc48652582a56b.pdf
2020-02-01
83
98
10.21608/ejss.2019.16393.1302
Irrigation intervals
Potassium phthalate
water use efficiency
Fruit yield
Volatile oil
Hanan
Ali
mohamed.hanan71@yahoo.com
1
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department (MAPRD),Horticulture Research Institute (HRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Nahlaa
Ahmed
mabuhashim@zu.edu.eg
2
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department (MAPRD),Horticulture Research Institute (HRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Abu-Hashim
dr.mabuhashim@gmail.com
3
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University
LEAD_AUTHOR