@article { author = {Bassouny, Mohamed and Abbas, Mohamed}, title = {Role of Biochar in Managing the Irrigation Water Requirements of Maize Plants: the Pyramid Model Signifying the Soil Hydro-physical and Environmental Markers}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {59}, number = {2}, pages = {99-115}, year = {2019}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2019.9990.1252}, abstract = {A field experiment was conducted for two successive summer seasons of 2016 and 2017 to explore the effect of amending Moshtohor soil (Typic Torriorthent of 71.9% clay) with biochar at four different rates namely 0, 13, 26 and 39 Mg ha-1 on the outcome yield of maize grains grown thereon. The effect of this amendment was considered in relation with reduced irrigations i.e. 60 and 80% vs 100% water requirements (WR). The efficiency of the applied treatments were estimated using the pyramid model after considering (1) water use efficiency (WUE), (2) soil CO2 emissions and (3) soil bulk density. Results revealed that increasing the rate of applied biochar resulted in significant improvements in both maize grain yield and soil physical characteristics. However, this amendment also increased the emission of soil CO2. Decreasing the amount of irrigation water resulted in significant increases in water use efficiency while recorded no significant effect on the grain yield. Moreover, the reduced irrigation water requirements improved significantly soil physical properties (soil bulk density, soil aggregation, pF characteristic curves and soil hydraulic conductivity), while, at the same time, minimized the emissions of soil CO2. Generally, the effect of biochar seemed to be more pronounced in the second growing season than in the first one. Although, the treatment of 26 Mg biochar ha-1 + 80% WR recorded the highest efficient indicator, yet the outcome yield was significantly lower than that occurred due to the application of 39 Mg biochar ha-1+60 % WR. Moreover, the calculated efficiency indicators seemed to be comparable between these two treatments. Thus, it is recommended to use only 60% of WR on soils amended with 39 Mg biochar ha-1. This treatment increased the grain yield by 1.96 fold higher than the control while saved 40% of the water requirements.}, keywords = {irrigation requirements,managing irrigation water,Biochar,CO2 emissions,Soil physical properties,the pyramid model}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_30253.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_30253_acebfe64a0558d6c94c26b4b3495877e.pdf} } @article { author = {Awad, Ahmed and Ahmed, Hoda}, title = {Response of Jerusalem Artichoke Plants Grown under Saline Calcareous Soil to Application of Different Combined Organic Manures}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {59}, number = {2}, pages = {117-130}, year = {2019}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2019.10677.1256}, abstract = {Two field experiments were successfully carried out to evaluate the potential influences of three organic manure (farmyard, FYM, poultry, PLM, and pigeon PGM) applied in different combinations on growth and tuber yield, and biochemical constituents of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) plants. The results indicated that organic treatments improved all tested parameters, with different degrees, compared to the control. In the first season (2016/2017), the combined PLM + PGM treatment (T2) produced the highest values of No. of leaves, leaf and stem fresh and dry weights, tuber fresh and dry weights, and tuber nitrogen content. The combined PGM + ½ FYM + ½ PLM) treatment (T6) produced the highest values of plant height, No. of lateral shoots, tuber phosphorus, cadmium and nickel content. While combined FYM + PLM treatment (T1), produced the highest values of leaf nitrogen content and total yield. While, the combined FYM + ½ PLM + ½ PGM treatment (T4) showed the best number of lateral shoots, leaf fresh and dry weights, tuber fresh weight and total tuber yield, leaf phosphorus and tuber nitrogen contents in the second season (2017/2018). However, the combined FYM + PGM treatment (T3) produced the highest values of total phenolic compounds, leaf phosphorus and tuber potassium contents, and the combined PGM + ½FYM + ½PLMtreatment (T6) was the best for inulin percentage in both seasons. The results of this study recommend using organic fertilizers, especially the combined T1 or T4 for Jerusalem artichoke.}, keywords = {Jerusalem artichoke,saline and calcaeous soil,organic and mineral fertilizers,Heavy metals,macro nutrients content}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_30345.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_30345_150447956345bdceb08dc796e50d62bb.pdf} } @article { author = {Elbasiouny, Heba and Elbehiry, Fathy}, title = {Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks and Fractions for Improving Soil Quality and Mitigating Climate Change}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {59}, number = {2}, pages = {131-144}, year = {2019}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2019.9984.1251}, abstract = {Globally, there is an increased global awareness of some environmental issues such as climate change. In this regard, new accessible and reliable data, locally and globally, regarding soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks and their physical and chemical fractions, are needed. These data assist in making suitable decisions towards the mitigation of climate change impacts. Soil plays an important role in the global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and both are linked and related not only to climate change mitigation but also sustaining agricultural productivity and improving soil quality. Soil C and N sequestration, using good and novel long-term novel management practices, is one of the most important methods for increasing their stocks and mitigating greenhouse gas emission, from soil to the atmosphere as well for improving soil quality and increase economic crop production. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize some basic information about soil C and N stocks and their fractions, especially they are related to climate change mitigation and soil quality.}, keywords = {Soil carbon stock,Soil nitrogen stock,Soil carbon fractionation,Climate change mitigation,Soil Quality}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_30346.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_30346_d25ce91085c6f7cf6a723a00181cc01b.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelrahman, Hamada}, title = {Chelate Induced Redistribution of Pb and Zn Fractions in Contaminated Soils and Implications on Phytoremediation}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {59}, number = {2}, pages = {145-155}, year = {2019}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2019.11501.1262}, abstract = {Lead and Zn contaminated soils, after sewage sludge (SS) or industrial wastes (IW) applications, were incubated with 5 and 10 mmol kg–1 of diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and with 10 and 20 mmol kg–1 of citric acid for up to 60 days. Consequently, Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Chenopodium album L. were tested in a chelate-assisted Pb and Zn phytoextraction greenhouse trial. In both incubated soil, the organic (Org) bound Pb increased over the incubation period, simultaneously, with a decrease in the oxide bound (Oxid) and carbonate bound (Carb) Pb fractions. Similar observations was found for Zn fractions during the incubation course of both contaminated soils. The EDTA was more effective in increasing the exchangeable Pb at 40 day of incubation in both soils whereas the DTPA was more effective in increasing the exchangeable Zn at 40 day. The pot experiment showed that Amaranthus retroflexus L. was more effective than Chenopodium album L. in the phytoextraction of Pb and Zn. The maximum amount of Pb and Zn Amaranthus phytoextracted in a 70-d growth period was 6.5 and 8.2 mg kg–1 soil, respectively, whereas the maximum phytoextracted amounts of Pb and Zn by Chenopodium were 3.9 and 3.5 mg kg–1 soil, respectively. Although EDTA and DTPA was more effective in redistributing metals among their fractions during incubation, higher removal of Pb and Zn was achieved after citric acid by Amaranthus. After environmental and economic evaluation, studied weed species can be used in chelate-assisted phytoremediation to decontaminate Pb- and Zn-contaminated soils.}, keywords = {Contaminated soils,Sewage Sludge,Industrial wastes,Amaranthus retroflexus,Chenopodium album}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_31102.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_31102_2f6289300ba549533c57cabe6aeef557.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibrahim, Mahmoud and El-Gammal, Maie and Shalaby, Adel and El-Zeiny, Ahmed and Rostom, Neven}, title = {Environmental and Spatial Assessment of Urban Heat Islands in Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {59}, number = {2}, pages = {157-174}, year = {2019}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2019.10917.1258}, abstract = {Present study is the first attempt to map Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) and assess the associated environmental characteristics in Qalyubia Governorate using remote sensing and GIS integrated with a field survey. A calibrated Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) acquired on July 22, 2018 was processed to calculate Land Surface Temperature (LST) and UHIs as well as to evaluate the environmental conditions through calculating the Land Use Land Cover (LULC) and the spectral retrieved indices. The investigated indices include Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI) and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI). Likewise, multispectral algorithm model was applied on the landsat calibrated image for mapping Particulate Matter of diameters lower than 10 micrometer (PM10) and characterizing its levels in the UHIs. The results demonstrated that the mean LST of each LULC class in Qalyubia Governorate followed this order; bare lands > urban > vegetation > water bodies. Most of bare land and built-up areas exist as heat island regions. The total area of UHIs was 397.5 km2; 119.8 km2 as bare land (30.2%), 201.2 km2 as built-up (50.6%), 0.2 km2 as water (0.05%) and 76.3 km2 as vegetation (19.2%). Low mean values of NDVI and MNDWI were observed in association with UHIs regions which confirmed the positive impact of green cover and water bodies in eliminating UHIs phenomena. On other hand, NDBI showed high mean level in UHIs comparing to its levels in the study area. The average value of PM10 over UHI (94.26 µg/m3) was more than that in the study area (81.07 µg/m3). It can be concluded that the decrease in green spaces and water bodies as well as the increase in urban density lead to increasing the intensity and widespread of UHIs phenomenon. Therefore, the study recommends the necessity to consider results of the present study for urban designers, planners, and architects in designing and planning urban communities.}, keywords = {Urban heat island,landsat images,Environmental characterization,land surface temperature}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_31772.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_31772_3f0c4d5f5f82ad1d6424d898fc510297.pdf} } @article { author = {Khalifa, Ramy}, title = {Response of Faba Bean to Alternate Irrigation and Cut-off Irrigation Combined with Mineral Phosphorus Levels and Biofertilizer at North Nile Delta Soils}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {59}, number = {2}, pages = {175-191}, year = {2019}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2019.11931.1266}, abstract = {A field trails were conducted during the two growing winter seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 at Sakha Research station , Kafr El-sheikh Governorate to study the effect of four irrigation regimes; cut-off irrigation at 100% (I1), 90%(I2), 85%(I3) of the furrow length and alternative furrow irrigation (I4), and four fertilization treatments; F1 (100% of recommended phosphorus (RP)) as control, F2 (75% RP+ phosphorien), F3 (65%RP+ phosphorien) and F4 (50%RP+ phosphorien) on Faba bean yield, some water relations, ground water table contribution and economic returns. The obtained results showed that water applied and water consumptive use could be arranged in descending order as; I1 > I2 > I3 >I4 in both seasons. Water saving by I2, I3 and I4 treatments were 4.64, 10.92 and 22.55%, respectively, comparing to I1-Treatment. Both of (I3) and (F3) treatments gave the highest increasing percent of the seed yield of faba bean and most its components, in both seasons. The highest values of water consumptive use, water application and water distribution efficiencies and ground water contribution were recorded under (I4) in both seasons. The combination of I4 and F3 treatments surpassed the other treatments in increasing water productivity and productivity of irrigation water for seed and straw yields, net return, net return from water unit and economic efficiency of faba bean seed and biological yields in both seasons. It can be concluded that I4 or I3 in combination with F‌3 is the proper treatments to obtain higher production of faba bean, water saving and economic returns.}, keywords = {Faba bean,P-fertilizer – phosphorien – irrigation regimes– ground water contribution- economic return – water efficiencies – seed yield}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_33683.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_33683_a940e0abf6b83192966f9f2e2242684f.pdf} } @article { author = {Moursy, Mohamed and Emara, Eman and Abd EL Hamid, Soha and HAMED, Lamy}, title = {Response of Allium Crops to Nitrogen Fertilization Rates and Different Irrigation Water Sources}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {59}, number = {2}, pages = {193-205}, year = {2019}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2019.12340.1271}, abstract = {Two field experiments with onion and garlic were carried out on clay loam soil under different water sources (i.e. fresh, drainage and mixed) in interaction with four rates of N (30%; 45 and 60 kg N fed-1, 60%; 90 and 120 kg N fed-1, 90%; 135 and 180 kg N fed-1 and 120%; 180 and 240 kg N fed-1 of the recommended rate for onion and garlic, respectively) to assess its effects on growth attributes and yield as well as following up the changes of some soil chemical properties after the growing seasons. The side effect of using low water quality on soil properties and water relations was also traced. Drainage and mixed water significantly increased the EC, pH and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of the soil under both crops comparing to the fresh water. This was more vigorous under 120% nitrogen rate. In soil irrigated with fresh water, EC were decreased by ~ 26.5% under the initial level on base of over all mean of nitrogen treatments. The low quality waters reflected decrements in EC values by about 10.6% under initial and increments by about 9.7% over the initial for mixed and drainage water, respectively. In meanwhile, the SAR values increased after growing seasons with all water sources, and it affected by water quality where it increased as the low water quality applied, whereas it recorded the highest value with drainage water followed by mixed water. Additionally, the application of 60 and 90% reveal a slight increase in soil chemical properties as the mixed and drainage water were used. Fresh water treatment increased growth and crop yields for both garlic and onion compared to mixed and drainage water treatments. Increasing N rate from 30 up to 120 % of the recommended N rate significantly increased garlic yield by 53.9% and onion yield by 16.3%. The highest WUE for onion (7.44 and 6.79 kg m-3) and for garlic (3.33 and 3.00 kg m-3) resulted from 120 % of the recommended N rate with fresh and mixed water, respectively.}, keywords = {soil chemical properties,Onion,Garlic,WUE,low water quality}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_34397.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_34397_6128aa17b5b428a5a07c4e056f79501f.pdf} }