@article { author = {}, title = {Irrigation Water Management for Sunflower Production at North Nile Delta Soils}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {1-8}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.136}, abstract = {WO field experiments were conducted at El-Karada water management station, Kafr El- Sheikh Governorate, Egypt management station, Kafr El- Sheikh Governorate, Egypt during two successive summer seasons 2008 and 2009, to study the effect of irrigation water management for sunflower production through irrigation escaping of some irrigation events, during the growth season on yield, yield components and quality of sunflower crop. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The irrigation treatments included five treatments, conventional irrigation along the growing season every 15 days (T1), escaping irrigation at the age of 30 days from sowing = 3rd irrigation (T2), escaping irrigation at the age of 45 days from sowing = 4th irrigation (T3), escaping irrigation at the age of 60 days from sowing = 5th irrigation (T4) and escaping irrigation at the age of 75 days from sowing = 6th irrigation (T5). The highest values of seed yield, oil percent, oil yield and 100 seed weight were obtained under T4 as well as the highest net return of water unit and economic efficiency. Therefore, escaping sunflower irrigation at the age of 60 days from sowing (the 5th irrigation) could be recommended to maximize sunflower production under the condition of studied area.}, keywords = {Sunflower yield,Oil%,Net return of water unit and economic efficiency}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_136.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_136_974a5da3c77a9dc8c233282d2a96c12a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effect of Irrigation Escaping at Different Times on Growth and some Water Relations of Sunflower at North Nile Delta}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {9-19}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.137}, abstract = {TWO field experiments were conducted at El-Karada water management station, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, during two successive seasons of 2008 and 2009. The present work was carried out to evaluate the effect of irrigation escaping at different times through the growing season on plant growth attribute of sunflower grown at North Nile Delta, photosynthetic pigments, the amount of water saving and irrigation water productivity. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The irrigation treatments included five treatments conventional irrigation along the growing season every 15 days (T1), escaping irrigation at the age of 30 days from sowing = 3rd irrigation (T2), escaping irrigation at the age of 45 days from sowing = 4th irrigation (T3), escaping irrigation at the age of 60 days from sowing = 5th irrigation (T4) and escaping irrigation at the age of 75 days from sowing = 6th irrigation (T5). The results showed that T4 had the highest values of crop water efficiency (0.77 kg m-3) and irrigation water productivity (0.62 kg m-3) as an the overall average of the two seasons. From the viewpoint of irrigation water saving, T4 and T5 recorded the highest values of irrigation water saving, with nearly the same amount, 511 and 519 m3/fed as an average of the two seasons, respectively. Data also revealed that irrigation escaping dates had a significant effect on leaf area, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and relative growth rate in both growing seasons. The highest values of the abovementioned characters were obtained under T3 followed by T4 in both growing seasons at the second period (75-90) days after sowing. Also, chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids concatenation were significantly affected by the irrigation escaping dates and the highest values were recorded under T4 and T5 at the age of 60 days after sowing in both seasons. It could be concluded that the 5th irrigation (T4) is the best water management for sunflower crop since it saved water by 18.2% relative to control treatment and had the highest values of crop water use efficiency and irrigation waterproductivity.}, keywords = {water relations,Sunflower,Escaping irrigation,Growth attributes,Chlorophyll a and b,Carotenoids}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_137.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_137_98dded742f6b053925daf90d7ede57e5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effect of Applied Bio-fertilizers, Seaweed Extract and Elemental Sulphur on Productivity of Sunflower Grown in Newly Reclaimed Slightly Saline Soil}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {21-38}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.138}, abstract = {A FIELD experiment was conducted during two successive seasons on a slightly saline sandy clay loam soil calcareous in nature at a newly reclaimed area comprising the desert zone of El-Fayoum district, El-Fayoum Governorate, Egypt, located between latitude 29°21′48″N longitude 30°44′45″E. The main target of this study was to identify the positive effects of applied elemental sulphur (i.e, at the rates of 0, 200, 350 and 450 kg fed-1, as soil application), seed bio-inoculation (i.e., P-dissolving bacteria of Bacillus megatherium var. phosphaticum) and seaweed extract (at the rate 1.0 kg fed-1 with 400 liter water as foliar application) either solely or combined treatments on sunflower (Helianthus annuns, c.v.Hysun 336). Growth criteria, i.e., plant height, the number of leaves/plant as well as dry matter weight/plant and leaf content of total chlorophyll were determined after 50 days of sowing. At harvest yield and yield components as head diameter, 100 seeds weight, seeds weight fed-1, seed oil, protein and nutrient contents were also determined. Some soil properties, i.e., soil pH, ECe, ESP and available macro and micronutrient contents were also taken into consideration. Samples of the plants rhizosphere were collected after 50 and 90 days of sowing to determine CO2 evolution, dehydrogenases activity and total bacterial counts. Data showed a clear response for studied soil properties as well as soil nutritional status as a result of the applied treatments, particularly those treated with the highest rate of elemental sulphur in combination with bio-fertilizer and foliar seaweed extract. The best and achieved greatest values of growth and nutritional status of plants, particularly at the early flowering stage were associated with plants subjected to the combined treatments compared to the other solely ones, which positively reflected on seed yield and its quality (oil and protein content). In general, the values of plant parameters were optimized, for bio-inoculated, with increasing the applied elemental sulphur rate350 or 450 kg fed-1, with an insignificant difference. The results also showed that inoculation with P-dissolving bacteria in the presence of different elemental sulphur levels combined with foliar seaweed extract encouraged the total bacterial counts, CO2 evolution and dehydrogenase activity at 50 and 90 days. So that, it could be recommended that elemental sulphur, seed bio-inoculation with P-dissolving bacteria and seaweed extract as a foliar application may be used to alleviate the hazardous effects of saline soil calcareous in nature, on sunflower seed yield and its quality.}, keywords = {alkaline soil,elemental sulphur,Bio-fertilizer,P-dissolving bacteria and sunflower plant}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_138.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_138_c546765718b9bc91ed943d42f85f81a5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Chemical Behavior of some Additives used for Minimizing the Potential Hazards of Nickel in Soil}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {39-54}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.139}, abstract = {THE PRESENT work aimed at throwing some light on chemical …… behavior of montmorillonite clay mineral (Mont.), calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and humic acid (HA) upon equilibrating each of them with different concentrations of Ni under different pH values. Retained amounts of Ni were calculated as the difference between the applied Ni concentrations and the corresponding remained concentrations in the solution. Both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations were used for describing the relationship between the adsorbed amounts of Ni per unit weight of the adsorbent and concentration of Ni in the equilibrium solution. The results revealed that the amounts of Ni adsorbed by the examined materials increased gradually with increasing concentrations of Ni in the equilibrium solution under the different studied pHvalues. Also, adsorbed amount of Ni per unit weight of the different studied adsorbents increased with increasing the pH values. The examined materials revealed different sorption capacities for Ni according to their nature and ambient pH value. Also, the examined materials showeddifferent adsorption maxima as well as different affinities for Ni at the different pH values. It could be concluded from the obtained results that application of additives such like those investigated herein may be helpful in ameliorating soils contaminated with heavy metals such as Ni through changing most of its available content to retained (unavailable) content and hence limiting its transport to plant and consequently the food chain.}, keywords = {NI,Adsorption,montmorillonite,CaCO3,Humic acid}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_139.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_139_7619d78cea8db01cd2f4975eb19c00db.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {The Feasibility of Using Unconventional Fertilizers on P Availability in Soil}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {55-65}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.140}, abstract = {THE FEASIBILITY of using different untraditional P sources, i.e., compost, ground animal bones, ground fish bones and the rock phosphate together with phosphorin inoculants (P-dissolving bacteria) on improving P availability in soil is the aim of this study. The results show that the overall values of NaHCO3 extractable-P were significantly higher in the Typic Torripsamments soil treated with compost, besides the no-P-treatment (control soil ) compared with the other P sources, whereas P-extractability remained statistically unchanged in the sandy loam soil under all treatments. Thus unconventional P-sources seemed to bring P in soils of poor P content to new levels of equilibrium. The results also reveal that P-extractability increased in the sandy loam soil during the incubation period in the form of consecutive peaks, each peak represents a case of significant increases in P extractability in soil followed by sudden reductions in extractable-P. Soils treated with animal bones, rock phosphate and fish bones recorded the highest increases in extractable P, while these treatments recorded the lowest values of extractable P at the beginning as well as at the end of peak relationships. On the other hand, the extractability of P changed in the Typic Torripsamments soil during the incubation period in the form of a single peak. The results confirm the importance of periodical inoculation of soil with phosphorin during the plant growth to improve P availability in soil and pointed up to the importance of rock phosphate, animal bones and fish bones as alternative sources for traditional or conventional fertilizers.}, keywords = {Phosphate,Phosphorin,Unconventional P fertilizers,Bioavailability cycles,phosphorus}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_140.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_140_774e6426644e7832aedc6fb93654fcad.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Induced Fe-Deficiency-Chlorosis Severity in Soybean using EDTA-Buffered Nutrient Solutions}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {67-74}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.141}, abstract = {CHELATOR-buffered nutrient solutions have been used to control.Fe photo availability for dicots in a number of studies, but the use of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) required adding Zn, Cu and other trace elements at levels much higher than traditional nutrient solutions. In order to have lower levels of other trace element cations in the buffered solutions, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used to impose varied levels of Fe stress to soybean (Glycine max L.Merr., cv Williams-82). In addition to a control treatment (no FeEDTA added), FeEDTA was supplied at 0.32, 1.00, 3.16, 5.00, 10.0, 20.0 and 50.0 μM in pH buffered 0.5 Johnson solutions. Enough EDTA was added to chelate all of the micronutrient cations plus 100 μM of “excess” EDTA which is largely chelated with some of the Ca2+ in the nutrient solution. Plant dry matter significantly corresponded with Fe activity in solution. The highest dry matter was obtained with 20 and 50 μM Fe (plants remained green throughout the experiment). At intermediate levels (1-10 µM FeEDTA) plants had mild or moderate chlorosis and remained at a steady chlorosis rating until harvest. Over time, the leaves with 0 and 0.32 µM FeEDTA became severely chlorotic. Analysis showed that trifoliolate leaf Fe corresponded with chlorosis severity, while all other microelements were present at normal concentrations of healthy soybeans, although somewhat increased due to smaller biomass dilution. The EDTA-buffered Johnson solution offers a strong control of Fe stress at varied severity and should provide a valuable tool for the study of microelement plant nutrition.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_141.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_141_447069d1049582ab5a348ee07ac8ff20.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Some Adsorption Characterizations of the Egyptian Glauconite Ore}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {75-88}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.142}, abstract = {MANY industrials use different adsorbent agents in the purification of the liquid products or the wastewater. The use of natural materials as low coast sorbents for the removal of cations, especially heavy metals from aqueous solutions has recently received increasing attention. The present study was conducted to evaluate the some adsorption properties of the Egyptian glauconite ore. Batch equilibrium experiments were conducted using Cu (II), Fe (II) or Ca (II) with glauconite. The results reveal that the thermodynamic equilibrium of Cu (II), Fe (II) or Ca (II) with glauconite is attained at 20 min the curves obtained are single and smooth indicating the formation of a monolayer of cations on the adsorbent surface of glauconite. The pH is one of the most important factors that affect the adsorption process. The maximum removals of Cu (II), Fe (II) or Ca (II) with glauconite are at pH 6, 5.5 and 8, respectively. The process of different cations uptake follows both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the first-order kinetics. The values of Langmuir constants for glauconite Qmax and b were found to be equal 3.76, 4.61 and 6.32 mg/g and 0.215, 0.046 and 0.062 l/mg, for Cu (II), Fe (II) and Ca (II) respectively. Based on the results of the present study, glauconite can be used as low coast cations adsorbent agent. Especially it has a big advantage that is the sandy loam texturalmakes the glauconite use also as a sand filter.}, keywords = {Adsorption,Glauconite,Heavy metals,copper,iron,calcium,Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models,First-order kinetics}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_142.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_142_64058209ba975ba39f4b840d0dfc68b4.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Impact of Gypsum Particle Size on Soil Physical Properties of a Saline-Sodic Soil from North Sinai, Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {89-103}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.143}, abstract = {WATER flow through structured soils can substantially affect …….. local water balance, contaminant transport, and plant-available water. Effect of different gypsum radius on hydraulic conductivity (HC) of saline-sodic soils was assessed. Saline-sodic clay soil from Gelbana Village, Sahl El-Tina plain, Sinai, was mixed with three treatment of gypsum (CaSO4.H2O) different in their particle size: T1"fine" (< 0.5 mm), T2"medium" (0.5-1 mm) and T3"coarse" (1-2 mm), and subjected to continuous leaching increments, and these treatments were compared to the control. Soil samples were packed in columns to make a 30-cm height with a bulk density of 1.36 Mg.m-3. Leaching was conducted by ponding with a constant head of 5 cm water. Leaching water was of EC 1.50 dSm-1 and SAR of 9.1. Six continuous water increments were performed for each column. To assess and simulate the water flow, to quantify improved management strategies, and to derive updated irrigation standards, the soil-water model HYDRUS-1D code was used. A considerable short-lived increase in HC following the addition of gypsum occurred to the soil. It quickly decreased in subsequent leaching increments. The increase amounted to 181, 126 and 117% due to the fine-particles, medium-particles and coarse-particles gypsum, respectively. The increase in HC persisted up to the 4th leachate, and was particularly marked with the fine-particle gypsum, and this increases up to 275% following the 5th leachate compared with the 1st leachate. In soils receiving medium-particle or coarse–particle, increased of the HC was less marked, being up to 56% following 5th leachate increment. The HYDRUS-1D provided reliable simulation results of infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration. Using the model to analyses management options proved an efficient tool for agro-ecosystem assessment.}, keywords = {Water flow,Leaching increment,Hydraulic Conductivity,HYDRUS-1D code}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_143.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_143_db4cf23b1e853fa2eab58a5bd4e7d4a3.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Land Evaluation of a New Reclaimed Area, South of El-Tina Plain, Egypt using a Proposed System and GIS}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {105-117}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.144}, abstract = {THE MAIN goal of this study is to assess the land spatial variability …. and evaluate soils of 127.29 Km2 for irrigated agriculture in the new reclamation area, El-Tina Plain, Egypt. The detailed objectives of this research are: to assess the land spatial variability using GIS modeling, to evaluate the main soil units using proposed system integrated with GIS and to identify the main limitation factors in the study area. A field survey was carried out to characterize each land unit. Eighteen soil profiles were dug in the field, morphologically described and sampled for laboratory analyses. The soils in the study area were classified as; Typic Aquisalids, Typic Torriorthents and Typic Torripsamments. The capability process was done using a modified local system and GIS modeling. The utilized evaluation system was developed based on the mathematical modeling of different land evaluation parameters (soil physical, chemical and irrigation water quality). Interpolation of different soil characteristics was done to create different soil maps. The final capability map was created through the overlaying process using the interpolated maps. The study area was classified as 80.6 % belongs to S3 (Marginally Suitable Soils) class, 12.3% fits in S2 class (Moderately suitable) and 7.1% belongs to N1 class (Actually unsuitable and potentially suitable). Soil salinity, hydraulic conductivity and profile depth were considered the main restrictive factors for crop suitability in the study area.}, keywords = {spatial analyses,Soil mapping,GIS,Soil evaluation. Increasing population}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_144.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_144_d424c641619104ae979c7fe3f5706b30.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Combination Impacts of Irrigation Regimes and N&K-Humate Rates on Sunflower Productivity and Water Use Efficiency in Sandy Soil}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {119-133}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.145}, abstract = {TWO field experiments were carried out under sprinkler irrigation system at the agricultural research station (ARC), Ismailia Governorate, Egypt in two successive summer seasons (2009 and 2010) to study the combination effects of irrigation regimes and N&Khumate rates on some soil properties, yield quantity, yield components, oil yield, crop water requirements as well as nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) of sunflower crop in sandy soil. A split- plot design with four replications was used. Two irrigation regimes (25% from the available soil moisture depletion (ASMD) and 50% ASMD) and four levels of N&K-humate combined (F0: control treatment, F1: 15 kg N + 2.0 kg k-humate /fed, F2: 30 kg N + 4.0 kg k-humate /fed, F3: 45 kg N + 6.0 kg k-humate /fed). The results indicated that the application rates of N&K-humate fertilizers and irrigation scheduling treatments significantly affected soil hydrophysics properties, yield and yield components. Therefore, an an increase in total porosity (TP), field capacity (FC) and wilting point (WP), meanwhile, small decrease in soil bulk density and hydraulic conductivity was obtained. The average values of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) were 383.6, 362.6, 352.3 and 330.2 mm, for 25% ASMD irrigation treatments, respectively. Meanwhile, those were 321.6, 310.2, 301.4 and 295.9 mm for 50% ASMD irrigation treatments, respectively. Also, the chosen treatments were affected on seed yield and yield components. The highest averages of plant height, head diameter, head weight, seed weight/head and 100 seed weight, seeds yield/fed and seed oil/fed, in the two seasons, were obtained from the highest application level of N&K-humate fertilizers and under the irrigation regime of 25% ASMD. The highest value of WUE was obtained under the highest level of N&K-humate (F3) and at 25% ASMD irrigation treatment. On the other hand, the highest value of NUE was obtained under the lowest level of N&K-humate (F1) and at 25% ASMD irrigation treatment.}, keywords = {Sunflower yield,N&K-humate,Irrigation scheduling,Water requirements and Water use efficiency}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_145.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_145_4aaaf13157b5b9a57128ad7c90c58319.pdf} }