eng
The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
0302-6701
2357-0369
2017-09-01
57
3
247
260
10.21608/ejss.2017.4158
4158
Original Article
Effect of Drip Irrigation System on Moisture and Salt Distribution Patterns under North Sinai Conditions
The purpose of this experiment is to elaborate the mode of distribution of both moisture and salt under drip irrigation system which is widely regarded as the most promising system in combination with saline water under conditions of El-Sheikh Zewied area-North Sinai (Lithic Torripsamments) during the summer growing season (March – June) 2015. It is just a trial to suggest a suitable irrigation management to increase production of a vegetable crop (Squash, (cucurbita pepo). Two methods of drip irrigation system were applied, i.e., surface and sub-surface with three quantities of irrigation water, i.e., 80, 100 and 120% of evapotranspiration calculated by meteorological equation of Penman-Montieth. Two emitter’s discharge rates, i.e., 2 and 4 liter/ hour were used to irrigate squash with saline water (4.5 dS/m). Split – split plot design statistically was applied.1- There is a remarkable decrease in soil moisture content apart from drippers horizontally and vertically.2- Irrigation water applied as a reference evapotranspiration calculated by penman-Montieth showed that water requirement followed the order increasing as 120 % < 100 %< 80 % under 4L/h dripper discharge rate.3- Surface drip irrigation system cased more soil moisture content than subsurface one.4- Dripper discharge rate 4L/h surpassed for soil moisture content which increased horizontally, while it increased vertically under 2L/h.5- Salt concentration in soil increased apart from drippers by increasing irrigation water quantities and dripper discharge rates through growth periods.6- Surface drip irrigation system help roots to be tolerable salt concentration by moving salts in the two up and down directions apart from roots.7- Salt concentration significantly increased at 5% level growth season under surface and subsurface drip irrigation system as 90 < 60 < 30 < 1 days, respectively.8- Biological yield decreased by using salt water under 2L/h dripper discharge and subsurface drip irrigation system, while the best water and salt distribution was conducted in the root zone under surface irrigation system and 100% of irrigation water applied.9- The maximum squash yield , (significantly increase), was conducted to surface drip irrigation system by applying 100% quantity calculated by reference evapotranspiration approach as 7.59 and 7.4 ton/fed under 4 and 2 L/h dripper discharge rates, respectively. While the minimum yield, (4.4 ton/fed), was found by applying 80 % of water requirements under subsurface drip irrigation with 2L/h dripper discharge rate.10-Water use efficiency significantly increased with 100% irrigation water requirements and 4L/h dripper discharge rate when applying surface drip irrigation system.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_4158_669ae41f946b3e886441fd95eac79726.pdf
Drip irrigation
Salt and moisture distribution
saline water
Discharge rates
eng
The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
0302-6701
2357-0369
2017-09-01
57
3
261
271
10.21608/ejss.2017.4162
4162
Original Article
Deficit Irrigation Management as Strategy to Adapt Water Scarcity – Potential Application on Mediterranean Saline Soils
WATER plays an essential role in yield productivity; however in the near future it is likely that many regions in the world will face water scarcity periods. Improving irrigation management can help adapting to water scarcity in the Mediterranean regions. Field experiments to assess the effects of different irrigation water amounts on yield and soil nutrients were carried out during two successive winter seasons 2012/13 and 2013/14 , respectively on high saline soils at Sahl El-Tina, North Sinai, Egypt. Three irrigation treatments with 3600m3/ha (W1), 6000 m3/ha (W2), and 7200 m3/ha (W3, normal irrigation) from the El-Salam Canal were applied in a complete randomized block design, using faba bean (Saka-3, Vicia faba L.) as test crop. Soil salinity decreased with increasing water supply regimes by an average of 33%, 37%, and 48% for W1, W2, and W3, respectively compared to the initial soil salinity. The solute concentrations of the irrigation water change within the season from the analysed ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, HCO3-, SO42-), only magnesium, sodium, hydrogen carbonate, chloride and sulfate varied significantly during the year. Soil nutrients showed a descending order with increasing water stress. Nevertheless, the water use efficiency (WUE) showed another effect. Water regime W1 saves 50% of the supplied water and resulted in a WUE of 2.36 kg/m3 compared to W2 and W3 with 1.75 kg/m3 and 1.39 kg/m3, respectively. This expressed the great potential of deficit irrigation to save water, while producing stable yields and reducing soil salinization.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_4162_1a5d0868924a48f2ec27c6abab73b516.pdf
Keywords: Water use efficiency
Soil salinity
Water stress
Soil nutrients
Deficit Irrigation
eng
The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
0302-6701
2357-0369
2017-09-01
57
3
273
292
10.21608/ejss.2017.4260
4260
Original Article
Mineralo-Chemical Study of Copper Distribution and Forms in Soils of The 10th of Ramadan Region
T he current study is performed to investigate Cu status, content, distribution and speciation in the newly reclaimed soils of the 10th of Ramadan region. To achieve this objective, the physico-chemical and mineralogical soil characteristics were first identified to shed light on the major soil properties that may control Cu behavior in the concerned soils. Eight soil profiles were selected to represent the soil mapping units and the variations encountered in these soils with respect to texture, CaCO3, OM, soil reaction, soil salinity and its components. Besides, surface area and adsorption desorption areas on the soil surface and their relations to clay minerals and accessory minerals constitution which displayed certain differences that reflected on the different Cu forms. Noteworthy that none of Cu-bearing minerals has been detected. The obtained results reveal that total Cu, DTPA - extractable Cu and speciation (forms) of Cu vary widely within and between the examined soil profiles. For convenience, total and DTPA – extractable Cu range from 4.88 to 19.19 mg/kg and 1.56 to 4.51 mg/kg, respectively. The total and extractable Cu as well as the speciation forms of Cu were interpreted and their distribution in relation to soil variables and interrelations between Cu forms were statistically evaluated. Sequential extraction indicates that the residual Cu which is the inert fraction is the major abundant form, while, Fe-Mn form is the second important form. Those forms constitute 44.43 to 76.50 % and 14.75 to 32.76 % of total Cu. Other labile fractions, i.e. soluble Cu, exchangeable Cu, carbonate bound Cu and organic–bound forms constitute 2.35 to 4.02 %, 1.71 to 4.09 %, 1.54 to 4.84 % and, 0.45 to 2.73 % of total Cu, respectively. Consequently, the study provides useful information about soil Cu mobility and bioavailability as essential micronutrient to plants, and food- chain of animals and human beings. The contribution of Cu to soil pollution and contamination is also considered through computation of enrichment factor and single pollution index.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_4260_61237d0c56d83ebd51201db30891e449.pdf
eng
The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
0302-6701
2357-0369
2017-09-01
57
3
293
301
10.21608/ejss.2017.4167
4167
Original Article
Prediction of Reclamation Processes in Some Saline Soils of Egypt
To assess leaching intensity under different qualities and quantities of water (depend on soil properties) in new reclaimed saline soils of Egypt, four representative soil samples were chosen to find the different variations in the impact of soil Hydrophysical properties on leaching intensity.The studied soil samples were of loamy sand texture class. Laboratory column experiment was achieved using different artificial qualities of water (i.e. 230, 1500 and 3000 ppm), and also different quantities calculated as ratio from the drainable pores. Continuous leaching method was used in this experiment. The residual soluble salts concentration was determined to judge upon the leaching intensity. The obtained results revealed, in general that pore size distributions, CaCO3% and initial salts concentration in the different soil layers affected the residual salts concentration after leaching processes. In addition, correlation equations were obtained and allow to predict the residual salts concentration after leaching.The obtained prediction equations considered many factors. Among then is salt concentration in the upper layers, pore size distribution, water quality and CaCO3 content.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_4167_33419f73e640af05bc107f16549aa643.pdf
Saline soils
Water and solute transport
Leaching
Salinization
reclamation
Pore size distributions
eng
The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
0302-6701
2357-0369
2017-09-01
57
3
303
312
10.21608/ejss.2017.4384
4384
Original Article
Integrated Effect of Fertilizers on Beans Cultivated in Alluvial Soil
AField experiment was carried out using bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). CV Bohera, during season 2015 at the Agric. Exp. Station of El-Mansoura Univ. to study integrated effect of fertilizers on beans cultivated in alluvial soil. The treatments were NPK 75 %, NPK 100 %, NPK 75 % + compost and NPK 100 % + compost, in addition to control. The results showed that the best treatment was NPK 100 % + compost, compared to control, which gave the highest values of vegetative growth parameter (pod diameter, pod length and plant height), and enhanced quality parameters (NPK% , carbohydrate % and protein% of seed), also improved chlorophyll content of bean plant .the NPK 100 % + compost treatment not only enhanced NPK % in leaves and increased yield but also increased available NPK in soil.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_4384_042b396d1165cdc57b38a9e4a4cc1b5a.pdf
eng
The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
0302-6701
2357-0369
2017-09-01
57
3
313
328
10.21608/ejss.2017.4438
4438
Original Article
Spatial Variability of Soil Physiochemical Properties in Bahariya Oasis, Egypt
Most of the soil physiochemical properties are inherited from their parent materials. However, some of them are influenced by the management practices. These properties are of great importance for both land use and management activities in precision farming. Soils in Bahariya Oasis have a wide variability in their parent material, which is reflected on their physiochemical properties. The objectives of this work were to study soil physiochemical properties in Bahariya Oasis and their spatial distribution in light of soil pedology. The obtained results indicated that the majority of soils in Bahariya Oasis are sandy, which had a very significant impact on their physical and chemical properties. The values of organic matter and soil porosity were low, whereas the values of bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, and mean pore diameter were relatively high. On the other hand, the CEC values were low in most of the studied soils and the ESP values were less than 15% in all soils. Most of soils in the oasis are highly saline. The availability of NPK in Bahariya Oasis varied from low to high and the C/N ratio was less than 25 in the studied soils. Also, highly significant correlations were observed among soil physical and chemical properties in the Oasis. In conclusion, soil physiochemical properties in Bahariya Oasis were highly influenced by their pedology.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_4438_5f4bb57626aba36c0329a7438f0a5307.pdf
physiochemical properties
Weathering
Pedogensis
Soil classification
spatial variability
GIS
eng
The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
0302-6701
2357-0369
2017-09-01
57
3
329
337
10.21608/ejss.2017.436.1062
1531
Original Article
Production of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) in the Marginal Environments of South Mediterranean Region: Nile Delta, Egypt
Amal Mahmoud
amal_matter117@yahoo.com
1
Senior researcher in Institute of Soil, Water and Environment Research, ARC
I ntroducing new crops to the marginal environments of south meditrranean region represnts one of the challenges to struggling the expected results of climate change on water quality and availability and on soil salinization. Quinoa as a halophyte was introduced to be one of strategic plants which can successfuly grow under the climatic conditions of north coast of Nile Delta, Egypt. The effects of sowing dates and various levels of water salinity on plant growth and yield of quinoa were examined. Sowing of quinoa at the beginning of winter season (last quarter of December where maximum air temperature was 18.8 and minimum was 8.2 oC) resulted in higher plant height, biomass and seed yields comparing with the sowing at second quarters of December and January. The optimum growth was associated with relative humidity about 68.8% and daylight cumulative hours about 1819 and cumulative sunshine hours about 977. Maximum yield of both biomass and seed resulted from plants irrigated with fresh water (EC = 0.65 dS m-1) and reductions in biomass and seed yields were observed with the increasing water salinity. But weight of 1000 seed increased as water salinity increased. Regardless the sowing date and/or water salinity, symptoms of powdery mildew disease (PMD) were observed on the quinoa leaves at about 53 days after sowing and progressed in appearance. The high percentages of relative humidity could be the major cause of spreading the disease in quinoa. The results of statistical ANOVA showed that biomass yield was significantly affected by sowing date whereas seed yield was markedly affected by water salinity. The study concluded to the possibility of cultivation of quinoa plant in salt affected soils in northern Nile Delta agricultural areas successfully as one of the solutions for the exploitation of marginal environments with the need for more studies related in ways that raise productivity through fertilizer transactions under the high irrigation water salinity conditions.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_1531_262789a351a752965b9bd1b31eb60bbd.pdf
South Meditterranean region
marginal environments
Quinoa
sowing date
water salinity
and Powdery mildew
eng
The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
0302-6701
2357-0369
2017-09-01
57
3
339
351
10.21608/ejss.2017.255.1043
3273
Original Article
A GIS Based Model for Land Evaluation Mapping: A Case Study North Delta Egypt.
Mohamed AbdelRahman
maekaoud@yahoo.com
1
Adel Shalaby
adelnan@yahoo.com
2
Abdel-Aziz Belal
belalaz@yahoo.com
3
National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS)
National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences
National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences
Agricultural Land use planning is mainly attributed to the area of each class of soil capability and its suitability degree. This study was conducted to examine the areas of land evaluation (LE) could be determined based on two approaches; first based on the geomorphology units which were elaborated from remote sensing data for determining the profiles sectors and second based on the spatial distribution of land evaluations parameters using geostatistical techniques (Universal, Kriging) in North Delta, Egypt. The objective of this study was to evaluate the available land resources and produce land evaluations maps using geostatistical method and elaborating LE mainly referring to the physiographic unit. Sixty soil profiles were collected and analyzed for land evaluation assessment. The LE of the study area was classified into C1, C2, C3, and C4 for land capability and was classified into S1, S2, S3 and N1 for land suitability by adopting the logical criteria. The result demonstrates that the study area can be categorized into spatially distributed LE based on soil characteristics and analyzing present land use using geostatistical as well as physiographic units. The result has the potential as a useful tool for guiding policy decision on sustainable land resource management in the investigated area.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_3273_34c3be62b96a8ec581391f33209ff9d3.pdf
land use
geostatistics
Land evaluation
Physiography
Spatial modeling
Remote Sensing
eng
The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
0302-6701
2357-0369
2017-09-01
57
3
353
369
10.21608/ejss.2017.509.1070
3274
Original Article
Maximizing Water Use Efficiency for Some Plants by Treated Magnetic Water Technique under East Owainat Conditions
Ali ِAli
ali_amr5555562@yahoo.com
1
Yaseer Arfa
yaseer_arfa@yahoo.com
2
Amr Mohamed
deppmind_1210@hotmail.com
3
Desert Research Center
Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University
Desert Research Center
This experiment was carried out during the winter season of 2015, at a private farm in East Owainat area, New valley Governorate, Egypt, to study the effect of magnetic field levels (0, 2000, 4000 Gauas) and applied irrigation water regimes (IR100%, IR90%, IR80% and IR70%) under surface (SDI) and sub- surface drip (SSDI) on marketable yield, plant quality parameters, water use efficacy (WUE), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and yield response factor (Ky) of lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) and potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) crops. The experimental design was a split-split plot design with three replicates. The obtained results indicated that, the values of physical analyses of irrigation water were decreased with increasing MF levels except solubility. While, the values of chemical analyses of IR increased with increasing MF levels except SAR. Meanwhile, the values of (Na+, K+, CL- and HCO3-) were recorded non significant at different MF levels. Also, the results revealed that the values of quality parameters for lettuce plant and potato tubers increased with increasing both MF levels and IR under SDI and SSDI except total sugar TS for plant lettuce. The values of lettuce and potato Ya under (MF= 4000 Gauss, IR=100% and SSDI) treatment increased significantly by about 40 and 34 % compared to those under control treatment (MF= 0 Gauss, IR=100% and SDI). Moreover, the maximum values of WUE and IWUE for lettuce plant were 7.08 and 3.88 kg m-3 respectively, under MF= 4000 Gauss, IR=80% and SSDI treatment. While, the maximum values of WUE and IWUE for potato tubers were 11.28 and 5.89 kg m-3 , respectively, under MF= 4000 Gauss, IR=80% and SSDI treatment. This study shows that utilization of magnetized water technology may be considered a promising technique to improve both crops yield productivity and save irrigation water.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_3274_6df85e0194855db7efeb30e7c44817ea.pdf
Water use efficiency, Magnetic field, Irrigation water use efficiency
East Owainat
eng
The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
0302-6701
2357-0369
2017-09-01
57
3
371
383
10.21608/ejss.2017.531.1072
3275
Original Article
Wheat Response to Potassium Fertilization in Sandy Soil as Affected by Organic Amendments and Silicate Dissolving Bacteria
Abdel-Rahman Merwad
abdo.soil@yahoo.com
1
Zagazig University
Faculty of Agriculture
Soil Science Department
44511 Zagazig
Egypt
Soil potassium content is a limiting factor of wheat growth and productivity, as it is one of the most important major elements for plant growth. The Need for optimizing use of potassium fertilization using natural amendments is growing up parallel with the accelerating increase in fertilizer prices. A field experiment was carried out during 2014-2015 growing season in Salehia, Egypt. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of different sources of potassium fertilizers (potassium sulphate and potassium feldspar) at the recommended rate (95 kg K ha-1) and either single or in combination with organic amendments ,i.e. chicken manure (Ch.M) and farmyard manure (FYM) with silicate dissolving bacteria (SDB) on yield and nutrients uptake by wheat. The results indicated that the highest values of dry matter yield of wheat, biological yield, protein content, NPK –uptake and available potassium in soil were observed at the treatment of (K sulphate or K-feldspar + Ch.M) in the presence of SDB. Dry matter yield of straw and grain ranged from 8.53 to 11.79 and 5.94 to 8.11 Mg ha-1, respectively. Based on thesa results, the available potassium was remarkably increased after 60 and 90 days and then decreased at 150 days at all treatments for application of potassium sources and organic amendments with SDB.
https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_3275_22d5dd12a4f6ad62c52b87da4e703d6c.pdf
K- sulphate
K-feldspar
nutrients uptake
Wheat