@article { author = {}, title = {Role of Sulfur in Agriculture "Phosphate- Sulfur- Bentonite Mixture for Optimum Utilization of Rock Phosphate as A Fertilizer"}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {3}, pages = {299-312}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.169}, abstract = {THROUGHOUT several research and development projects, ……. carried.out by the Egypt Sulfur project at the NRC, have proved a prominent role of S in increasing P mobility to root zone; P uptake by the plant ; crop productivity in sandy, saline calcareous and alkaline clay soils. Semi-pilot and pilot field trials on S and P applications to soils were shown to correct several soil problems. Such applications reduce soil pH, decrease salt accumulation, achieve ionic- balance and mobilize P, Fe and Ca. Such favorable effects of sulfur were promoted by mixing S with rock phosphate (RP) and other nutrients-carrying minerals. Results have also confirmed the effect of sulfur in promoting the efficiency of phosphate fertilizers and their uptake by plants. A special synergetic effect between phosphates (P) and Sulfur (S) in the soil- plant system proved to increase the efficiency of each other. Inoculation of S-P mixture with S- oxidizing bacteria enhances the oxidation of S and maximizes its favorable effect on soil pH and on P availability Besides, applying bentonite clay into the mixture has increased water retention in sandy soils and increased exchangeable Ca on the account of free Ca in the soil solution. Such effect on Ca has markedly increased phosphate availability to plants. A special mixture of all the above-mentioned materials, RP, S, Bentonite clay and oxidizing bacteria, are now produced under the name of Agrite Phosphate. *Agrite Phosphate is a bio-mineral sulfur-phosphate fertilizer that proved to be a superior long-acting P fertilizer, as compared to many other phosphates.}, keywords = {Agrite phosphorous,Role of S,S-P mixture,S - oxidizing bacteria,soil pH,Exchangeable and free Ca}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_169.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_169_4d4cb18531c26a2d981205fe618750fd.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Benefaction of Saline Water Irrigation in Desert Soils “Scope of Salinity Problems and New Means of Control”}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {3}, pages = {313-333}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.170}, abstract = {EXCESSIVE salt concentration in soils and in underground water has been considered a serious problem in arid and semi-arid regions for centuries. Removal of excess salts or decreasing their activity is necessary for optimum crop production and for soil conservation. Decreasing the activity of soluble salts in irrigation water proved to correct excessive water salinity. Besides, the realization of proper ionic and nutrients balance in soil solution lead to more successful utilization of saline water irrigation. Surface soil management, induced soil stratification, proper drying cycle and application of Nile Fertile (a natural sulfur fertilizer mixture) have been suggested as efficient means for promoting saline water irrigation. Changes in salts and moisture distribution during a drying cycle of stratified soil columns, i.e., 15 cm sand over 15 cm sandy loam (S/SL) and the opposite stratification (SL/S), were evaluated. Results revealed that S/SL system has decreased capillary rise and evaporation loss and consequently limited the upward movement of salts. On the other hand, the system SL/S greatly increased evaporation but slightly increased the upward movement of salts. However, such movement in homogenous S or SL soils was much greater than that of stratified systems. Besides, longer drying cycle decreased salt accumulation in the root zone and activated upward and downward salt movement, under all conditions of the study. Recently, magnetizing saline irrigation water through a proper magnetic field has been introduced as an effective mean for soil desalination. The magnetic field causes the hydration of salt ions and colloids to slide down, leading to better salt solubility and accelerated coagulation and salt crystallization. The mode of magnetic treatment implies certain influence on the structure of water and soil solution. Besides, the required magnetic field strength depends on salt type and concentration. In this work the effectiveness of magnetizing water of different salinity, on soil salinity and alkalinity, on ionic balance and ion uptake by plant, was evaluated in a series of pot and field experiment Upward diffusion tests of different salts and fertilizers, in normal and magnetized taper, were conducted. Magnetized water increased NaCl diffusion by 50% or more; while that of KCl reached 20%. On the other hand, magnetized water has lowered the diffusion of KH2PO4, super phosphate and ZnSO4. In an olive farm irrigated with moderately saline magnetized water was shown to have 3 main effects: (1) Lowering soil alkalinity, (2) Increasing the leaching of excess soluble salts and (3) Dissolving slightly soluble salts such as phosphates and sulfates. Such effects were also demonstrated in a citrus orchard where the solubility and uptake of Ca, Mg and SO4 were accelerated while Na+ uptake was reduced to one-half, by magnetized water.}, keywords = {magnetized water,Salt diffusion,Soil stratification,Drying cycle,Capillary rise,Evaporation,Nile Fertile,Salt tolerant plants}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_170.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_170_d6d9c11b5315cf519e397b624fc5cd81.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Evaluation of Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) as an Amendment for the Sandy Soils. 1- Preliminary Studies}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {3}, pages = {335-346}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.171}, abstract = {THE REUSE of some industrial wastes or by-products such as the cement kiln dust (CKD) is beneficial to prevent or at least to reduce the environmental pollution. The CKD is beneficial as a raw material, construction material, absorbent, and improving the sandy soil properties. Preliminary studies were carried out to study the possibility of using the CKD as an amendment for the sandy soils. Two cement kiln dusts were investigated, one was collected from El-Minia white cement factory and the other was collected from Beni - Suef black cement factory. The two CKD had a high total soluble salts (T.S.S.), soluble cations (Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+ and K+) and soluble anions (CO3-2, HCO3-, Cl- and SO4-2) therefore, each CKD was modified by leaching with water using four leaching treatments (leaching with 0, 5, 10 and 20 times water). Thereafter, a pot experiment using a sandy soil cultivated with corn was set up to study the efficiency of using the modified white CKD (leached with 20 times water) as a soil amendment. The modified white CKD was applied to the sandy soil at six rates (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 Mg ha-1). The obtained results of the current study show that the T.S.S., Cl-, Na+ and K+ of the raw black CKD were higher than those of the raw white CKD, however, the CO3-2, Ca+2 and Mg+2 of the raw white CKD were higher than those of the raw black CKD. Leaching the two CKD with water decreased the T.S.S. and soluble ions. The best leaching treatment for modifying the CKD is the leaching with 20 times water. The leaching efficiency for the white CKD was better than that for the black one. Application of the modified white CKD at the rate of 25 Mg ha-1 to the sandy soil decreased the real density, porosity, percolation rate, and infiltration rate; while; it increased the plant height, fresh and dry weight of the corn shoots, and water use efficiency by the plants, but it decreased the water consumptive use by the plants. In general, application of the modified white CKD improves the sandy soil properties, decreases the lost water by leaching, rationalizes the irrigation water use, and enhances the corn growth. It could be recommended to use the modified white CKD at the rate of 25 Mg ha-1 as an amendment for the sandy soils under the conditions of EI-Minia Governorate.}, keywords = {sandy soil,Cement kiln dust,Amendment and corn}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_171.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_171_5df98c270ea90263f9681e60991d024b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Corn Yield Response to some Irrigation Methods and Fertilization with Macro and Micronutrients}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {3}, pages = {347-360}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.172}, abstract = {A FIELD experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of corn yield to different irrigation methods and combination of macro and micro fertilizers. Treatments were comprised of three methods of irrigation: alternate furrow irrigation (AFI), fixed furrow irrigation (FFI) and conventional furrow irrigation (CFI)} as main plots and four different fertilizer combinations: NPK, NPK + Zn , NPK + Zn + B and NPK + Zn + B + Fe as sub-plots, in a split plot design. The results revealed that methods of irrigation significantly influence corn yield. Higher grain yield was recorded under (CFI) compared to (AFI) and (FFI). In both seasons, there was no significant difference between (CFI) and (AFI) while, a significant difference between each of (CFI) and (AFI) with (FFI) was found. The grain yield under (AFI) and (FFI) decreased by 4% and 15 %, respectively comparing with (CFI). The performance of (AFI) and (FFI) decreased irrigation water amount at the rates of 15 and 26%, respectively comparing with (CFI). Application of complete fertilizers, treatments (F4), recorded the highest grain yield compared with the other fertilizer treatments. The result also revealed that (CFI) increased the 100 grain weight, no. of grains and ear length followed by (AFI) and (FFI), respectively. Under (F4) treatment, no significant difference between (CFI) and (AFI) was found. These results indicated that (AFI) and (FFI) are ways to save water. The interaction between irrigation method (AFI) and (F4) treatment was the best combination for yield and yield contributing characters of corn in both seasons. The fertilization treatment (F4) is recommended to be usedin order to increase the performance of corn and help in maximizing yield production.}, keywords = {Alternate furrow irrigation,Fixed furrow irrigation,Macro and micro nutrients,Corn yield,water use efficiency}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_172.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_172_ed066d5d7a8e0fda1b3866c443cca0c5.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effect of Sulphur Application on the Availability of some Nutrients in Egyptian Soils}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {3}, pages = {361-377}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.173}, abstract = {AN INCUBATION experiment was carried out to study the effect of different size and application rates (0, 0.5 1.0, 2.0 %) of elemental Sulphur (S) on pH, EC, soluble sulphate and Extractable P , K , Fe and Mn in seven soils collected from different sites in Egypt which differed in physical , chemical characteristics and mineralogical composition. Three size of S were used, fine 50µ m, coarse 250µ m and very coarse >250 µ m and the moisture content was kept at field capacity by daily addition of distilled water. Sulfur application up to 2% level caused a significant decrease in soil pH values relative to the control treatment. These reductions were more pronounced in the case of sandy soils. The soil pH values were lower in the investigated soils amended with the fine particle size of S compared with the coarse and very coarse particle size of S, respectively. Sulfur application also significantly increased the EC, the solubility of sulphate, P, K, Fe and Mn in the soils during the period of incubation}, keywords = {sulphur,incubation,phosphorous,potassium,iron,Manganese}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_173.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_173_5f8eec2872e18422dbebb72bf18551ea.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Assessment of Heavy Metals Immobilization in Artificially Contaminated Soils Using some Local Amendments}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {3}, pages = {379-394}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.174}, abstract = {T HREE alluvial soil samples of different textures were artificially polluted with chloride solutions of Cd, Pb, Co and chromate solution for Cr. The aqua-regia extracted concentration ranges in the artificially polluted soils from1134-1489 mg.kg−1 for Pb, 854-938 for Cr, 166-346 for Co and 44 – 54 mg.kg−1 for Cd. The aqua-regia extracted metals were the highest in the spiked clay soil due to its high adsorption capacity. Rock phosphate (RP), lime-stone (LS) and Portland- cement (Cem) were mixed with the spiked soils at 1% and 2% rates (w/w) and incubated at 30 ˚C for 2, 7, 14, 30, 60, 150 and 360 days. The extracted DTPA metals significantly decreased with different magnitudes with increasing the incubation period accompanied by increases in both pH and EC. The data showed that cement (Cem.) treatment dropped the DTPA-Pb from approximately 1000 to 400 mg.kg−1 in all the studied soils (60% decrease) in the first 2 months while it gradually decreased from 400 to 200 mg.kg−1, (20% decrease) in the next 10 months. Limestone (LS) and rock phosphate (RP) materials were relatively less effective in lowering DTPA-Pb after 12 months of incubation. The data showed also that cement (Cem) treatment was the most effective one in lowering DTPA-Cd by 60% as compared to the un-amended soils after 12 months of soil incubation. Extractable DTPA-Co and Cr showed consistent decreases with time down to nearly 50% of un-amended soils due to the effect of the added amendments after 12 months of incubation with superior reductions for the cement treatment in all the investigated soils. The statistical analysis confirmed that in all the studied metals and treatment, cement treatment (Cem) was significantly the most effective in lowering the DTPA extracted metals as indicated by LSD test. It was found that up to 73% and 57% of the applied Pb and Cd, respectively, were fixed by only 1% cement. However, the present study showed that from the practical and economic points of view, that 1% Cement was the best treatment to immobilize Pb and Cd in all the artificially polluted soils.}, keywords = {Heavy metals,Immobilization efficiency,Rock Phosphate,Portland Cement,Lime-stone}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_174.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_174_2574d5c4e83b93e3d47efdc88f69eccf.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Alleviation the Salinity Stress on Metabolic Contents of Hordeum vulgare L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. Using some Plant Phenols}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {3}, pages = {395-411}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.175}, abstract = {T HIS research provides an updated and comprehensive overview on the alleviation of salt stress on Hordeum vulgare L. (barley) and Phaseolus vulgaris L. (bean) by plant natural phenols (POH). The effect of the exogenously application of POH on metabolic contents of barley and bean under saline stress was investigated. Increased salinity stress significantly reduced total soluble sugars and total protein contents of barley and bean seedlings. Pre-treatment of barley grains or bean seeds with POH stimulated the accumulation of total soluble sugars and total protein of seedlings as compared with the corresponding salinity level. Increased salinity stress and pre-treatment with POH increased the total phenols in barley and bean seedlings. Meanwhile salinity stress induced accumulation of proline in barley and bean seedlings and pre-treatment with POH decrease proline content as compared with those of the corresponding salinity level. This is an indication that salt stress on plants was improved by POH pre-treatment through decreasing proline synthesis or accumulation. Also, the seedlings pre-treated with POH showed new protein bands. Further analyses of this mutant and its genetic construction are needed to for more understanding of its tolerant ability to salt stress. The data provided evidence that pre-treatment with phenols reduced the adverse effects of salt stress on barley and bean plants, and might play a key role in providing stress tolerance by modulating oxidative stress of salinity.}, keywords = {Barley,Bean,salt stress,Phenolic compounds,sugars,proteins,Total phenols and proline}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_175.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_175_b0debe15afd01f3e85210f0f51f6e8c9.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Kinetics of Zinc Ageing in Typic Torriorthent and Typic Haplocalcid Soils}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {3}, pages = {413-428}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.176}, abstract = {THIS STUDY aimed at investigating the kinetics of Zn-ageing in .... two arid soils of Egypt. It also introduced the curve-analysis models, beside of the commonly used adsorption-isotherm models for describing Zn-retention data of these soils. To reach these goals, samples of Typic Torriorthent and Typic Haplocalcidsoils, with or without Fe and/or Zn salts, were incubated under the laboratory conditions for 28 days. AB-DTPA-Zn was determined in soils during different time periods through out the experiment. Cumulative Zn-retention data were calculated and fitted using different kinetic models. Another sorption experiment was conducted by shaking soil portions with a series of standard Zn solutions and the obtained supernatants were analyzed for Zn. The retention data were calculated and fitted using curve analysis models and adsorption isotherm models. The results show that application of Fe singly or in combination with Zn increased AB-DTPA-Zn significantly. This occurred up to 24hr after application and decreased afterwards. Parabololic diffusion seemed to be the rate limiting step in the Typic Torriorthent soil up to 336hr afterwards simple Elovich function was the best fitting model while the first order model was the best fitting model in the Typic Haplocalcid soil. Curve-analysis suggests that Zn retained in Typic Torriorthent soil probably occurred due to specific and non-specific adsorption on heterogeneous sites; whereas Zn retained in Typic Haplocalcid soil probably occurred due to adsorption followed by precipitation reactions. Finally, curve analysis models could successfully explain Zn-sorption isotherms acting together in soil, while further calculations are needed for explaining the consecutive Zn-sorption isotherms.}, keywords = {Zn retention,Kinetics,adsorption isotherms,sorption,Curve analysis}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_176.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_176_2804f5a1a18bca1a05eabbe49566e423.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Yield Quality and Chemical Compositions of Peanut as Affected by Potassium and Gypsum Applications under Foliar Spraying with Boron}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {3}, pages = {429-443}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.177}, abstract = {A FIELD experiment was carried out at El-Khattara region (Sharkia Governorate, Egypt) during 2009 season to study the effect of potassium (K) fertilization, gypsum (G) addition rates and foliar spraying with boron (B) and their combinations on growth, yield, yield components, oil quality as well as the uptake of some macro- and micronutrients by peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Giza 6) grown on sandy soil. Biological yield, as well as hay and seed yields, was increased significantly as a result of K and gypsum application, while it was insignificant increase under foliar spraying with B. The highest values of 18.5, 15.6 and 2.27 Mega gram (Mg) ha–1 for biological, hay and seed yields were due to 50 kg K ha-1 + 1.2 Mg G ha1 without foliar spraying with B. For hay, the highest value of N-uptake was obtained when 50 kg K ha-1 + 2.4 Mg G ha-1 was obtained, while the highest values for P and K uptake (167 and 312 kg ha-1) were obtained when 50 kg K ha-1 + 1.2 Mg G ha-1 was applied under spraying with B. For seeds, the highest value of K uptake was obtained when 50 kg K ha-1 + 2.4 Mg G ha-1 was applied, while for N and P uptake the highest values (145 and 36.2 kg ha-1) were obtained when 50 kg K ha-1 + 1.2 Mg G ha-1 were applied under spraying with B. The oil yield of peanut seeds, using soxhlet extraction method, was found to be in a range of 231 and 352 g kg-1.The highest B uptake in the hay was obtained without spraying with B while in seeds it was obtained under spraying with B, where in both of them was obtained upon application of 50 kg K ha-1 + 1.2 Mg G ha-1. Apparent K recovery (AKR) and potassium use efficiency (KUE) were markedly decreased with increasing K addition rates.}, keywords = {sandy soil,peanuts,K %,gypsum,foliar spray,Boron}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_177.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_177_e4808ad3d6d20fb144e3f26043099c26.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Evaluating Environmental Sensitivity to Desertification in El-Fayoum Depression, Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {53}, number = {3}, pages = {445-460}, year = {2013}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2013.178}, abstract = {T HIS STUDY aims to use spatial analyst tool in a Geographic Information System (GIS) to assess the environmental sensitivity for desertification in El- Fayum Depression, Egypt. The thematic layers of soils, vegetation and climate quality indices are the main required data for estimating the Environmental Sensitivity to desertification. These layers were established in geographic information system depend upon land surveying and laboratory analyses data, Landsat ETM image, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), geological map and climatic data. Spatial analyst tool in Arc-GIS 9.3 software is used for matching the thematic layers and assessing the desertification index, accordingly the map of environmentally sensitive areas of El- Fayoum Depression is produced. The obtained data reveals that the high sensitive areas for desertification in the study area are found in the southern parts of Qarun Lake, it represents 18.31 % of the depression area. The areas of sensitive for desertification exhibit an area of 54.09 % of the total area. The areas of moderate sensitive for desertification exhibit an area of 27.6 % of the total area. The integration of different factors contributing to desertification sensitivity may lead to plan a successful combating. The use of remote sensing data and GIS proved to be useful in visualizing the sensitivity situation of different desertification parameters.}, keywords = {Desertification Sensitivity,land degradation,Geomorphology,El- Fayoum}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_178.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_178_8da1674822a795f5c661012aff21ca2b.pdf} }