@article { author = {Mohamed, Wagih and Hammam, Amr}, title = {Poultry Manure-Derived Biochar As A Soil Amendment and Fertilizer for Sandy Soils under Arid Conditions}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {59}, number = {1}, pages = {1-14}, year = {2019}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2019.6535.1229}, abstract = {Newly reclaimed sandy soils under arid conditions are characterized by poor physical and biochemical properties specially, rapid organic matter decomposition. Field experiment was developed to investigate the feasibility of using poultry manure and its derived biochar integrated with different levels of N fertilizer as a soil amendment and fertilizer for newly reclaimed sandy soils in Western Desert of El-Minia Governorate, Egypt. Results showed that application of poultry manure (PM) or its derived biochar (PMB) in combination with inorganic N levels had caused significant changes on a range of the investigated sandy soil biochemical properties including pH, EC, mineral N, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic N (DON) and quotient DOC/DON. Overall, the impact of PMB on soil physical properties was detected to be superior than the impact of PM, regardless the inorganic N levels. In addition, the obtained results showed that poultry manure (PM) and its derived biochar (PMB) application had the capacity to stimulate vigorous growth and production levels of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), and to increase soil organic matter content and N-uptake and recovery compared to control. The interesting feature of this research is that PMD increased treated sandy soil organic carbon (SOC) 1.75 times more than soil treated with PM itself at the end of cropping seasons. It could be concluded that biochar derived from organic wastes considers as a source of stabile carbon and could be very hopeful choice for substituting easily decomposable organic manures under arid conditions. The interesting feature of this research is that PMD increased treated sandy soil organic carbon (SOC) 1.75 times more than soil treated with PM itself at the end of cropping seasons. It could be concluded that biochar derived from organic wastes considers as a source of stabile carbon and could be very hopeful choice for substituting easily decomposable organic manures under arid conditions.}, keywords = {sandy soil,Poultry,Biochar,Dissolved organic carbon,N-uptake}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_26189.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_26189_9b3116ed1da51f8895f71c8e986644a9.pdf} } @article { author = {Ali, Ali and Ibrahim, Sherif and Abou-Amer, Ibrahim}, title = {Water Deficit Stress Mitigation by Foliar Application of Potassium Silicate for Sugar Beet Grown in A Saline Calcareous Soil}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {59}, number = {1}, pages = {15-23}, year = {2019}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2019.7086.1236}, abstract = {Drought stress is a serious abiotic factor that limit yield and quality of many crops grown in newly reclaimed lands of Egypt. A field experiment in split-plot design was conducted to assess the usefulness of potassium silicate [K2SiO3 (K-silicate)] on alleviating drought stress on sugar beet grown in a calcareous soil. The main plots were assigned for three irrigation intervals as 8, 14 and 20 days, whereas the subplots were assigned for four K-silicate foliar spray concentrations (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg L-1 silicate). The results indicated that increasing the irrigation interval from 8 to 14 and 20 days caused a significant reduction in sugar beet yield. However, irrigation with interval 14 days and spraying K-silicate at concentrations of 1000 mg L-1 silicate gave root fresh yield of 51.65 Mg ha-1, compared with 38.81 mg L-1 obtained without spraying K-silicate. Likewise, spraying K-silicate in concentration of 1000 mg L-1 silicate increased N, P and K removal in shoot by 66.0, 15.5 and 134.2 kg ha-1 and in root by 152.0, 34.4 and 244.2 kg ha-1, respectively. These values were 64.6, 14.2 and 122.6 kg ha-1 in shoot and 128.4, 29.0 and 223.1 kg ha-1 in root without spraying K-silicate, respectively. Spraying K-silicate showed also the potential to increase fertilizer use efficiency, and hence can save fertilizers. For instance, increasing irrigation interval to 14 days without spraying K-silicate gave partial factor productivity (PFP) of N, P and K fertilizers to the levels of 647, 1252 and 1552 kg root kg-1 fertilizer, respectively. However, spraying K-silicate at concentration of 1000 mg L-1 silicate increased these values to 861, 1666 and 2066 kg root kg-1 fertilizer, respectively. In conclusion, this study suggests that spraying K-silicate has the potential to alleviate the negative effects of drought stress on sugar beet yield grown in calcareous soils.}, keywords = {Drought stress,potassium silicate,Sugar beet,Partial factor productivity}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_28411.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_28411_fa64ef734f3af0aca3b32bf625527c8a.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El-Hafeez, Ahmed and Bashandy, Samah}, title = {Irrigation Schedule with Different Nitrogen Sources and Levels for Maize Productivity and Some Water Relations}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {59}, number = {1}, pages = {25-40}, year = {2019}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2019.7293.1239}, abstract = {Two field experiments were conducted in two successive summer seasons during 2016 and 2017 at Sids Agricultural Research Station, Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt. This research was carried out to study irrigation schedule impact using pan evaporation method (Class A pan and irrigation at 0.7, 1.0 and 1.3 pan evaporation coefficient, APE) with different nitrogen sources (ammonia gas, ammonium nitrate and urea) and levels (214 and 286 kg N ha-1) on maize yield attributes as well as some water relations, namely, seasonal applied water (AP), seasonal consumptive use (CU), water utilization efficiency (WUtE) and water use efficiency (WUE). Results showed that increasing pan evaporation coefficient from 0.7 up to 1.3 increased maize yield and improved its attributes, N, P and K uptake by grains and/or stover, seasonal applied water and seasonal consumptive use. The differences between the effect of 1.0 and 1.3 of APE on maize grain and stover yields were not significant. Irrigation at 1.0 APE gave the highest WUtE and WUE followed by irrigation at 1.3 APE. Whereas the lowest one produced under 0.7 of APE Added nitrogen as anhydrous ammonia increased all studied yield and its attributes, N, P and K uptake, seasonal consumptive use, water utilization efficiency and water use efficiency followed by ammonium nitrate, while urea fertilizer exhibited the lowest ones. Increasing nitrogen levels from 214 to 286 Kg ha-1 improved maize yield and its attributes, N, P and K uptake as well as the studied water relations. The best treatment for maize productivity and water relation is to irrigate at 1.0 of APE with nitrogen addition as ammonia gas at the rate of 286 Kg ha-1 while saving about 960 m3 per hectare with no significant decrease in yield. This study confirms that maize irrigation at different pan evaporation coefficient (0.7, 1.0 and 1.3) with different nitrogen fertilization sources and levels affect maize productivity traits and some water relations.}, keywords = {Maize attributes,Nitrogen sources and nitrogen levels,Pan coefficient,water relations}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_28671.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_28671_ffde9459b280af5d1b77d38c064be172.pdf} } @article { author = {Hamed, Lamy and Galal, Yehia and Emara, Eman and Soliman, Mohamed}, title = {Optimum Applications of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Water Regime for Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Using 15N Tracer Technique under Mediterranean Environment}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {59}, number = {1}, pages = {41-52}, year = {2019}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2019.9863.1250}, abstract = {Two field experiments were conducted under two different soil texture located in two sites. Tracing the nitrogen status in wheat plants – soil - environment system using 15N technique under different water regimes was the aim of this investigation. Three nitrogen rates (100, 80 and 60% of the recommended rate with 5% 15N atom excess labeled ammonium sulfate) through two mode of application (Mode A; nitrogen fertilizer rate splitting into three doses: 25, 25, 50% of added rates at seedling, tillering and jointing, respectively, and Mode B; splitting N rate into two doses: 35 % at seedling and 65% at tillering) conjugated with three water regimes (100, 75 and 50% of crop water requirement (CWR)) were applied under clay loam and loamy sand soils conditions. Wheat grain and straw yields were declined by 16.4 and 4.4% in clay loam soil, and by 34.6 and 20.7% in loamy sand soil as water regime reduced from 100 to 50% CWR, respectively. Application of 80% of the recommended N rate recorded the highest grain yield under Mode A, whereas 100% N rate recorded the highest straw yield under Mode B in both soil textures. The moderate rate of N fertilizer (80%, corresponding to 142.4 and 190.4 kg N ha-1 in clay loam and loamy sand soil, respectively) applied with mode A under 75% water regime (4017.7 and 4200.8 m3 applied irrigation water per hectare in clay loam and loamy sand soil, respectively) recorded the highest N uptake by plant, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and consequently wheat yield.}, keywords = {cereal crops,Grain yield,Nitrogen uptake,Nitrogen use efficiency,Soil texture}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_28835.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_28835_9d0b9ec031d31fa0cee090fe5e992247.pdf} } @article { author = {Faiyad, Riham and Bador, Ahmed and El-Mahdy, Rasha}, title = {Maximizing Utilization of some Organic Fertilizers to Produce the Highest Yield of Cowpea}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {59}, number = {1}, pages = {53-66}, year = {2019}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2019.7215.1238}, abstract = {Two field experiments were established in middle Nile delta alluvial soils. The study was conducted on the two successive summer seasons of 2016 and 2017 in the experimental farm of Tag El-Ezz Agricultural research station, Agricultural research center (ARC), Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications, assigning nine treatments to study the effect of three forms of organic fertilization (without, farmyard manure and compost rice straw) as main plot, and 3 forms of foliar application (control, mix of micro nutrients (Fe, Zn and Mn) and humic acid (HA)) as sub plot on growth, yield and chemical constituents of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). The obtained results showed that, addition of organic amendments in forms of compost rice straw significantly increased plant growth parameters (plant height, fresh weight, dry weight and number of leaves), chemical composition of leaves (chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content, N, P, K, Fe, Zn and Mn as well as quality parameters (C. protein, T. carbohydrates, C. fiber, ash and total sugar of cowpea seeds except with moisture conetnt) and yield as well as its components (No. of pods/plant, No. of seed/pod, 100 seed weight and seed yield, also availability of soil (N, P and K). On the other hand; mix of micro elements gave significant positive effect and higher average values for all parameters previously. The interaction effect between organic fertilization and foliar application show a primitive effect on all parameters and the highest mean values of parameters was recorded with using CRS as organic fertilization and mix of micro nutrients as foliar application.}, keywords = {FYM,rice straw,Micro nutrients,Humic acid and Cowpea plant}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_29030.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_29030_8315ee6ef282615ab0769c8d6950cb30.pdf} } @article { author = {Sary, Dalal and Elsokkary, Ibrahim}, title = {Effect of Irrigation Water Regime in Presence of Organic or Biological Fertilizer on Olive Trees}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {59}, number = {1}, pages = {67-48}, year = {2019}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2019.6740.1245}, abstract = {This study was carried out during 2010/2011growth season on four olive (Olea europaea L.) varieties: Picual, Aggizi, Mission and Koronieki, grown in calcareous soil at the Horticultural farm of El-Nubariya Agricultural Research Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation Egypt. The experimental of design was in a split-split design (two levels of water regime, four cultivars, six treatments and three replicates). The total numbers of experimental plots used were 144 trees. The main treatments included full and half irrigation water (FIW or HIW) of water requirement (ETpan), the sub-main treatments were the four olive varieties, and the Sub-sub main treatments included NPK fertilizers (100, 75, and 50% dose) with effective microorganisms (E.M.) or humic acid (H.A.). The objectives of this study were to investigate the response of four olive varieties to variations in the quantity of irrigation water and NPK fertilizers rates in the presence with H.A. or E.M. The obtained results showed positive significant effects due to FIW or HIW, 75 % NPK +EM or 50 % NPK +EM on fruit weight of Picual and Aggizi,while all treatments showed positive significant effects on increasing fruit weight of Mission. However, Koronieki showed no significant response with all treatments. The oil contents in fruits of Picual, Aggizi, Mission and Koronieki showed significant response to 100 % NPK, 75 % NPK +EM, or 75 % NPK +HA treatment under FIW regime. The highest significant chlorophyll contents in leaves of all olive varieties were obtained by FIW with 75 % NPK +EM and 75 % NPK +HA. The N, P and K contents in leaves of the four olive varieties significantly increased as a result of applying all treatments under FIW or HIW regime. In addition, all treatments increased significantly the levels of total N, available P and available K in the soil and also soil respiration as a result of the all treatments with FIW or HIW regime.}, keywords = {irrigation water regime,Mineral fertilizers,Organic fertilizer,Biological fertilizer,Olive varieties}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_29031.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_29031_1e98257e722bb6e96c626fd18dc43581.pdf} } @article { author = {Abouhussien, Elhusieny and Elbaalawy, Ahmed and Hamad, Mohamed}, title = {Chemical Properties of Compost in Relation to Calcareous Soil ‎Properties and Its Productivity of Wheat ‎}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {59}, number = {1}, pages = {85-97}, year = {2019}, publisher = {The National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) affiliated to Academy of Scientific Research and Technology(ASRT)}, issn = {0302-6701}, eissn = {2357-0369}, doi = {10.21608/ejss.2019.7945.1248}, abstract = {Two field experiments were conducted during the two successive growing winter ‎seasons in a private farm at Abu El-Matamir, El-Beheira Governorate Egypt, on ‎wheat plant, to study the effect of three types of composts prepared from three ‎plant residues, i.e., maize (CMR), tomato (CTR) and vine (CVR) on chemical ‎properties of sandy calcareous soil (i.e., pH, EC, OM, CEC, CaCO3 and available ‎of some macro- and micronutrients) and its productivity of wheat yield and its ‎components. These composts were analyzed for their chemical composition and ‎content of available macro- and micronutrient. Each compost was added at rates ‎of 0, 5, 10 and 20 ton fed-1. ‎The prepared composts had wide variations in their chemical composition. For ‎example, CTR had a highest content of organic matter, total nitrogen and ‎available macro- and micronutrients, while the lowest values were found in ‎CMR. Soil pH, EC and CaCO3 were decreased as a result of compost ‎applications, while soil CEC, OM and available macro- (N, P, K, S, Ca and Mg) ‎and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) were increased. The high relative ‎changes of the determined soil chemical properties and its content of available ‎nutrients were found in the soil treated with CTR followed by those resulted from ‎CVR treatments. Increasing application rates of the used composts were ‎associated with an increase of both straw and grain yields of wheat and their ‎relative changes (%), where the highest yield was found with the treatment of ‎CTR followed by that of CVR. Also, CTR gave the highest value of agronomical ‎efficiency of wheat plants compared with the other two composts. Finally, the ‎application of CTR (20 ton fed.-1) was superior in greatly improving soil chemical ‎properties of the studied soil and reflected on wheat productivity and nutrients ‎uptake. ‎}, keywords = {Calcareous soil,nutrient availability,Plant residues,compost,‎Wheat,Agronomic efficiency and Relative change. ‎}, url = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_30256.html}, eprint = {https://ejss.journals.ekb.eg/article_30256_4bbff3a45ade14d73fe6248c8d0c5740.pdf} }